Chromosome Number, Ploidy Level, and Nuclear DNA Content in 23 Species of <i>Echeveria</i> (Crassulaceae)
<i>Echeveria</i> is a polyploid genus with a wide diversity of species and morphologies. The number of species registered for <i>Echeveria</i> is approximately 170; many of them are native to Mexico. This genus is of special interest in cytogenetic research because it has a v...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2021-12-01
|
| Series: | Genes |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/12/12/1950 |
| _version_ | 1797504253497966592 |
|---|---|
| author | Guadalupe Palomino Javier Martínez-Ramón Verónica Cepeda-Cornejo Miriam Ladd-Otero Patricia Romero Jerónimo Reyes-Santiago |
| author_facet | Guadalupe Palomino Javier Martínez-Ramón Verónica Cepeda-Cornejo Miriam Ladd-Otero Patricia Romero Jerónimo Reyes-Santiago |
| author_sort | Guadalupe Palomino |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Echeveria</i> is a polyploid genus with a wide diversity of species and morphologies. The number of species registered for <i>Echeveria</i> is approximately 170; many of them are native to Mexico. This genus is of special interest in cytogenetic research because it has a variety of chromosome numbers and ploidy levels. Additionally, there are no studies concerning nuclear DNA content and the extent of endopolyploidy. This work aims to investigate the cytogenetic characteristics of 23 species of <i>Echeveria</i> collected in 9 states of Mexico, analyzing 2<i>n</i> chromosome numbers, ploidy level, nuclear DNA content, and endopolyploidy levels. Chromosome numbers were obtained from root tips. DNA content was obtained from the leaf parenchyma, which was processed according to the two-step protocol with Otto solutions and propidium iodide as fluorochrome, and then analyzed by flow cytometry. From the 23 species of <i>Echeveria</i> analyzed, 16 species lacked previous reports of 2<i>n</i> chromosome numbers. The 2<i>n</i> chromosome numbers found and analyzed in this research for <i>Echeveria</i> species ranged from 24 to 270. The range of 2C nuclear DNA amounts ranged from 1.26 pg in <i>E. catorce</i> to 7.70 pg in <i>E. roseiflora</i>, while the 1C values were 616 Mbp and 753 Mbp, respectively, for the same species. However, differences in the level of endopolyploidy nuclei were found, corresponding to 4 endocycles (8C, 16C, 32C and 64C) in <i>E. olivacea</i>, <i>E. catorce</i>, <i>E. juarezensis</i> and <i>E. perezcalixii</i>. In contrast, <i>E. longiflora</i> presented 3 endocycles (8C, 16C and 32C) and <i>E. roseiflora</i> presented 2 endocycles (8C and 16C). It has been suggested that polyploidization and diploidization processes, together with the presence of endopolyploidy, allowed <i>Echeveria</i> species to adapt and colonize new adverse environments. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:02:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1131cef0c62741218e763515ddf16da5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4425 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:02:02Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Genes |
| spelling | doaj.art-1131cef0c62741218e763515ddf16da52023-11-23T08:30:49ZengMDPI AGGenes2073-44252021-12-011212195010.3390/genes12121950Chromosome Number, Ploidy Level, and Nuclear DNA Content in 23 Species of <i>Echeveria</i> (Crassulaceae)Guadalupe Palomino0Javier Martínez-Ramón1Verónica Cepeda-Cornejo2Miriam Ladd-Otero3Patricia Romero4Jerónimo Reyes-Santiago5Laboratorio de Citogenética, Jardín Botánico, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, MexicoLaboratorio de Citogenética, Jardín Botánico, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, MexicoLaboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular y de Cultivos, EMA6, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla 72570, MexicoLaboratorio de Citogenética, Jardín Botánico, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, MexicoInstituto de Investigaciones en Matemáticas Aplicadas y en Sistemas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, MexicoLaboratorio de Sistemática Filogenética y Taxonomía Integrativa, Jardín Botánico, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico<i>Echeveria</i> is a polyploid genus with a wide diversity of species and morphologies. The number of species registered for <i>Echeveria</i> is approximately 170; many of them are native to Mexico. This genus is of special interest in cytogenetic research because it has a variety of chromosome numbers and ploidy levels. Additionally, there are no studies concerning nuclear DNA content and the extent of endopolyploidy. This work aims to investigate the cytogenetic characteristics of 23 species of <i>Echeveria</i> collected in 9 states of Mexico, analyzing 2<i>n</i> chromosome numbers, ploidy level, nuclear DNA content, and endopolyploidy levels. Chromosome numbers were obtained from root tips. DNA content was obtained from the leaf parenchyma, which was processed according to the two-step protocol with Otto solutions and propidium iodide as fluorochrome, and then analyzed by flow cytometry. From the 23 species of <i>Echeveria</i> analyzed, 16 species lacked previous reports of 2<i>n</i> chromosome numbers. The 2<i>n</i> chromosome numbers found and analyzed in this research for <i>Echeveria</i> species ranged from 24 to 270. The range of 2C nuclear DNA amounts ranged from 1.26 pg in <i>E. catorce</i> to 7.70 pg in <i>E. roseiflora</i>, while the 1C values were 616 Mbp and 753 Mbp, respectively, for the same species. However, differences in the level of endopolyploidy nuclei were found, corresponding to 4 endocycles (8C, 16C, 32C and 64C) in <i>E. olivacea</i>, <i>E. catorce</i>, <i>E. juarezensis</i> and <i>E. perezcalixii</i>. In contrast, <i>E. longiflora</i> presented 3 endocycles (8C, 16C and 32C) and <i>E. roseiflora</i> presented 2 endocycles (8C and 16C). It has been suggested that polyploidization and diploidization processes, together with the presence of endopolyploidy, allowed <i>Echeveria</i> species to adapt and colonize new adverse environments.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/12/12/1950<i>Echeveria</i>endemismendopolyploid nucleiflow cytometry |
| spellingShingle | Guadalupe Palomino Javier Martínez-Ramón Verónica Cepeda-Cornejo Miriam Ladd-Otero Patricia Romero Jerónimo Reyes-Santiago Chromosome Number, Ploidy Level, and Nuclear DNA Content in 23 Species of <i>Echeveria</i> (Crassulaceae) Genes <i>Echeveria</i> endemism endopolyploid nuclei flow cytometry |
| title | Chromosome Number, Ploidy Level, and Nuclear DNA Content in 23 Species of <i>Echeveria</i> (Crassulaceae) |
| title_full | Chromosome Number, Ploidy Level, and Nuclear DNA Content in 23 Species of <i>Echeveria</i> (Crassulaceae) |
| title_fullStr | Chromosome Number, Ploidy Level, and Nuclear DNA Content in 23 Species of <i>Echeveria</i> (Crassulaceae) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Chromosome Number, Ploidy Level, and Nuclear DNA Content in 23 Species of <i>Echeveria</i> (Crassulaceae) |
| title_short | Chromosome Number, Ploidy Level, and Nuclear DNA Content in 23 Species of <i>Echeveria</i> (Crassulaceae) |
| title_sort | chromosome number ploidy level and nuclear dna content in 23 species of i echeveria i crassulaceae |
| topic | <i>Echeveria</i> endemism endopolyploid nuclei flow cytometry |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/12/12/1950 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT guadalupepalomino chromosomenumberploidylevelandnucleardnacontentin23speciesofiecheveriaicrassulaceae AT javiermartinezramon chromosomenumberploidylevelandnucleardnacontentin23speciesofiecheveriaicrassulaceae AT veronicacepedacornejo chromosomenumberploidylevelandnucleardnacontentin23speciesofiecheveriaicrassulaceae AT miriamladdotero chromosomenumberploidylevelandnucleardnacontentin23speciesofiecheveriaicrassulaceae AT patriciaromero chromosomenumberploidylevelandnucleardnacontentin23speciesofiecheveriaicrassulaceae AT jeronimoreyessantiago chromosomenumberploidylevelandnucleardnacontentin23speciesofiecheveriaicrassulaceae |