Hybrid Dual-Hop RF/FSO Terrestrial-Deep Space Communication System under Solar Scintillation during Superior Solar Conjunction
Free-space optical communication (FSO) technology has wide prospects in deep space exploration, but it will encounter coronal turbulence during superior solar conjunction, and solar scintillation will seriously affect the communication quality. In this paper, we propose a terrestrial–deep space hybr...
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MDPI AG
2022-01-01
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| Series: | Applied Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/2/619 |
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| author | Meng Jin Wenyi Liu Yuan Hao Ruihuan Wu Zhongchao Wei Dongmei Deng Hongzhan Liu |
| author_facet | Meng Jin Wenyi Liu Yuan Hao Ruihuan Wu Zhongchao Wei Dongmei Deng Hongzhan Liu |
| author_sort | Meng Jin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Free-space optical communication (FSO) technology has wide prospects in deep space exploration, but it will encounter coronal turbulence during superior solar conjunction, and solar scintillation will seriously affect the communication quality. In this paper, we propose a terrestrial–deep space hybrid radio frequency (RF)/FSO system with the hybrid <i>L</i>-pulse position modulation-binary phase shift keying-subcarrier intensity modulation (<i>L</i>-PPM–BPSK–SIM) scheme, where the RF channel of the satellite-terrestrial relay follows the Rayleigh distribution, and the FSO channel of the relay satellite to the deep space probe adopts Gamma–Gamma distribution. Considering the pointing error, the expression of the bit error rate (BER), the outage probability, and the average channel capacity of the hybrid system are derived. In addition, we evaluated the influence of coronal turbulence parameters on the system through amplitude fluctuations. The simulation results demonstrate that the hybrid RF/FSO system improves the BER performance by 10 to 30 times in a deep space environment, and the use of a hybrid modulation can further reduce the BER. The non-Kolmogorov spectral index, outer scale, solar wind density fluctuation factor, and optical wavelength comprehensively affect the BER through amplitude fluctuations. Our research results have potential application value for evaluating the link performance of future deep space communications. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:59:30Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1132baa6c3854c92b86b8785b1c7e4ad |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:59:30Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-1132baa6c3854c92b86b8785b1c7e4ad2023-11-23T12:50:02ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172022-01-0112261910.3390/app12020619Hybrid Dual-Hop RF/FSO Terrestrial-Deep Space Communication System under Solar Scintillation during Superior Solar ConjunctionMeng Jin0Wenyi Liu1Yuan Hao2Ruihuan Wu3Zhongchao Wei4Dongmei Deng5Hongzhan Liu6Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Functional Materials and Devices, Guangzhou 510006, ChinaGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Functional Materials and Devices, Guangzhou 510006, ChinaGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Functional Materials and Devices, Guangzhou 510006, ChinaGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Functional Materials and Devices, Guangzhou 510006, ChinaGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Functional Materials and Devices, Guangzhou 510006, ChinaGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Functional Materials and Devices, Guangzhou 510006, ChinaGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Functional Materials and Devices, Guangzhou 510006, ChinaFree-space optical communication (FSO) technology has wide prospects in deep space exploration, but it will encounter coronal turbulence during superior solar conjunction, and solar scintillation will seriously affect the communication quality. In this paper, we propose a terrestrial–deep space hybrid radio frequency (RF)/FSO system with the hybrid <i>L</i>-pulse position modulation-binary phase shift keying-subcarrier intensity modulation (<i>L</i>-PPM–BPSK–SIM) scheme, where the RF channel of the satellite-terrestrial relay follows the Rayleigh distribution, and the FSO channel of the relay satellite to the deep space probe adopts Gamma–Gamma distribution. Considering the pointing error, the expression of the bit error rate (BER), the outage probability, and the average channel capacity of the hybrid system are derived. In addition, we evaluated the influence of coronal turbulence parameters on the system through amplitude fluctuations. The simulation results demonstrate that the hybrid RF/FSO system improves the BER performance by 10 to 30 times in a deep space environment, and the use of a hybrid modulation can further reduce the BER. The non-Kolmogorov spectral index, outer scale, solar wind density fluctuation factor, and optical wavelength comprehensively affect the BER through amplitude fluctuations. Our research results have potential application value for evaluating the link performance of future deep space communications.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/2/619deep space communicationRF/FSO systemsolar scintillationPPM–BPSK–SIMbit error ratepointing error |
| spellingShingle | Meng Jin Wenyi Liu Yuan Hao Ruihuan Wu Zhongchao Wei Dongmei Deng Hongzhan Liu Hybrid Dual-Hop RF/FSO Terrestrial-Deep Space Communication System under Solar Scintillation during Superior Solar Conjunction Applied Sciences deep space communication RF/FSO system solar scintillation PPM–BPSK–SIM bit error rate pointing error |
| title | Hybrid Dual-Hop RF/FSO Terrestrial-Deep Space Communication System under Solar Scintillation during Superior Solar Conjunction |
| title_full | Hybrid Dual-Hop RF/FSO Terrestrial-Deep Space Communication System under Solar Scintillation during Superior Solar Conjunction |
| title_fullStr | Hybrid Dual-Hop RF/FSO Terrestrial-Deep Space Communication System under Solar Scintillation during Superior Solar Conjunction |
| title_full_unstemmed | Hybrid Dual-Hop RF/FSO Terrestrial-Deep Space Communication System under Solar Scintillation during Superior Solar Conjunction |
| title_short | Hybrid Dual-Hop RF/FSO Terrestrial-Deep Space Communication System under Solar Scintillation during Superior Solar Conjunction |
| title_sort | hybrid dual hop rf fso terrestrial deep space communication system under solar scintillation during superior solar conjunction |
| topic | deep space communication RF/FSO system solar scintillation PPM–BPSK–SIM bit error rate pointing error |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/2/619 |
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