Microstructural and Thermal Behaviour of Composite Material from Recycled Polyethylene Terephthalate and Fly Ash
Nowadays, the environmental impact of plastic waste is crucial, and in the energy industry, fly ash, a type of solid waste, has also prompted severe ecological and safety concerns. In this study, we synthesised composite material from two industrial wastes: recycled polyethylene terephthalate (rPET)...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Recycling |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2313-4321/8/1/11 |
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| author | Nur Hazzarita Mohd Nasir Fathoni Usman Ean Lee Woen Mohamed Nainar Mohamed Ansari Abu Bakar Mohd Supian Saloma Saloma |
| author_facet | Nur Hazzarita Mohd Nasir Fathoni Usman Ean Lee Woen Mohamed Nainar Mohamed Ansari Abu Bakar Mohd Supian Saloma Saloma |
| author_sort | Nur Hazzarita Mohd Nasir |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Nowadays, the environmental impact of plastic waste is crucial, and in the energy industry, fly ash, a type of solid waste, has also prompted severe ecological and safety concerns. In this study, we synthesised composite material from two industrial wastes: recycled polyethylene terephthalate (rPET) as the matrix and fly ash as the filler. The effect of different fly ash loadings on the thermal behaviour and microstructure of the composite material using rPET were evaluated. Various loading amounts of fly ash, up to 68%, were added in the rPET mixtures, and composites were made using a single-threaded bar’s barrel extruder. The feeding zone, compression zone, and metering zone made up the three functional areas of the extruder machine with a single-flighted, stepped compression screw. The composite materials were subjected to DSC and SEM equipped with EDX spectroscopy tests to examine their thermal behaviour and microstructural development. It was found that the thermal behaviour of rPET improved with the addition of fly ash but degraded as the fly ash loading increased to 68%, as confirmed by the DSC study. The composites’ microstructural development revealed an even filler distribution within the polymer matrix. However, when the fly ash loading increased, voids and agglomeration accumulated, affecting the composites’ thermal behaviour. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:13:27Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-11387b90487041599eeddca6cf2de41d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2313-4321 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:13:27Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Recycling |
| spelling | doaj.art-11387b90487041599eeddca6cf2de41d2023-11-16T22:58:20ZengMDPI AGRecycling2313-43212023-01-01811110.3390/recycling8010011Microstructural and Thermal Behaviour of Composite Material from Recycled Polyethylene Terephthalate and Fly AshNur Hazzarita Mohd Nasir0Fathoni Usman1Ean Lee Woen2Mohamed Nainar Mohamed Ansari3Abu Bakar Mohd Supian4Saloma Saloma5College of Graduate Studies, Universiti Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN), Kajang 43000, MalaysiaInstitute of Energy Infrastructure, Universiti Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN), Kajang 43000, MalaysiaInstitute of Energy Infrastructure, Universiti Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN), Kajang 43000, MalaysiaInstitute of Power Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN), Kajang 43000, MalaysiaInstitute of Energy Infrastructure, Universiti Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN), Kajang 43000, MalaysiaDepartment of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sriwijaya, Palembang 30128, IndonesiaNowadays, the environmental impact of plastic waste is crucial, and in the energy industry, fly ash, a type of solid waste, has also prompted severe ecological and safety concerns. In this study, we synthesised composite material from two industrial wastes: recycled polyethylene terephthalate (rPET) as the matrix and fly ash as the filler. The effect of different fly ash loadings on the thermal behaviour and microstructure of the composite material using rPET were evaluated. Various loading amounts of fly ash, up to 68%, were added in the rPET mixtures, and composites were made using a single-threaded bar’s barrel extruder. The feeding zone, compression zone, and metering zone made up the three functional areas of the extruder machine with a single-flighted, stepped compression screw. The composite materials were subjected to DSC and SEM equipped with EDX spectroscopy tests to examine their thermal behaviour and microstructural development. It was found that the thermal behaviour of rPET improved with the addition of fly ash but degraded as the fly ash loading increased to 68%, as confirmed by the DSC study. The composites’ microstructural development revealed an even filler distribution within the polymer matrix. However, when the fly ash loading increased, voids and agglomeration accumulated, affecting the composites’ thermal behaviour.https://www.mdpi.com/2313-4321/8/1/11energycomposite materialrecycled PETfly ashpolymerthermal behaviour |
| spellingShingle | Nur Hazzarita Mohd Nasir Fathoni Usman Ean Lee Woen Mohamed Nainar Mohamed Ansari Abu Bakar Mohd Supian Saloma Saloma Microstructural and Thermal Behaviour of Composite Material from Recycled Polyethylene Terephthalate and Fly Ash Recycling energy composite material recycled PET fly ash polymer thermal behaviour |
| title | Microstructural and Thermal Behaviour of Composite Material from Recycled Polyethylene Terephthalate and Fly Ash |
| title_full | Microstructural and Thermal Behaviour of Composite Material from Recycled Polyethylene Terephthalate and Fly Ash |
| title_fullStr | Microstructural and Thermal Behaviour of Composite Material from Recycled Polyethylene Terephthalate and Fly Ash |
| title_full_unstemmed | Microstructural and Thermal Behaviour of Composite Material from Recycled Polyethylene Terephthalate and Fly Ash |
| title_short | Microstructural and Thermal Behaviour of Composite Material from Recycled Polyethylene Terephthalate and Fly Ash |
| title_sort | microstructural and thermal behaviour of composite material from recycled polyethylene terephthalate and fly ash |
| topic | energy composite material recycled PET fly ash polymer thermal behaviour |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2313-4321/8/1/11 |
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