Immunomodulatory effects of silymarin after subacute exposure to mice: A tiered approach immunotoxicity screening
Silymarin is a flavonoid complex extracted from the Silybum marianum plant with a wide range of pharmacological and biochemical effects. In the present study, the immunomodulatory effects of silymarin were investigated in BALB/c mice. Silymarin was administered daily by intraperitoneal injection at...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Korean Pharmacopuncture Institute
2018-06-01
|
| Series: | Journal of Pharmacopuncture |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.journal-pharm.com/sub/view/246 |
| _version_ | 1811265901056491520 |
|---|---|
| author | Gholamreza Karimi Samed Hassanzadeh-Josan Bahram Memar Seyed-Alireza Esmaeili Bamdad Riahi-Zanjani |
| author_facet | Gholamreza Karimi Samed Hassanzadeh-Josan Bahram Memar Seyed-Alireza Esmaeili Bamdad Riahi-Zanjani |
| author_sort | Gholamreza Karimi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Silymarin is a flavonoid complex extracted from the Silybum marianum plant with a wide range of pharmacological and biochemical effects. In the present study, the immunomodulatory effects of silymarin were investigated in BALB/c mice. Silymarin was administered daily by intraperitoneal injection at doses of 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg for 14 consecutive days. Following the exposure, host hematological parameters, spleen cellularity and histopathological examination, as well as delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses, hemagglutination titers (HA), splenocyte cytokine production and lymphocyte proliferation assay were studied in all of the test groups of animals. The results showed that the low dose of silymarin (50 mg/kg) could stimulate both cellular and humoral immune functions in the treated hosts. In addition, silymarin at 100 mg/kg appeared to impact on DTH responses and lymphoproliferation. Based on the finding here, it would seem that silymarin has efficient immunostimulant properties. As a recommendation, the application of silymarin along with acupuncture technique (herbal acupuncture) can be thought as a good plan to modulate and enhance the immune system for the management of several immunodeficiency disorders. However, further studies are required to demonstrate this hypothesis. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T20:32:18Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-113b037640324f2885ae5078f20a44d7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2093-6966 2234-6856 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T20:32:18Z |
| publishDate | 2018-06-01 |
| publisher | Korean Pharmacopuncture Institute |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Pharmacopuncture |
| spelling | doaj.art-113b037640324f2885ae5078f20a44d72022-12-22T03:17:41ZengKorean Pharmacopuncture InstituteJournal of Pharmacopuncture2093-69662234-68562018-06-01212909710.3831/KPI.2018.21.011Immunomodulatory effects of silymarin after subacute exposure to mice: A tiered approach immunotoxicity screeningGholamreza Karimi0Samed Hassanzadeh-Josan1Bahram Memar2Seyed-Alireza Esmaeili3Bamdad Riahi-Zanjani4Pharmaceutical Research Center, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran, Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IranDepartment of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IranCancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IranImmunology Research Center, BuAli Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran, Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IranMedical Toxicology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IranSilymarin is a flavonoid complex extracted from the Silybum marianum plant with a wide range of pharmacological and biochemical effects. In the present study, the immunomodulatory effects of silymarin were investigated in BALB/c mice. Silymarin was administered daily by intraperitoneal injection at doses of 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg for 14 consecutive days. Following the exposure, host hematological parameters, spleen cellularity and histopathological examination, as well as delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses, hemagglutination titers (HA), splenocyte cytokine production and lymphocyte proliferation assay were studied in all of the test groups of animals. The results showed that the low dose of silymarin (50 mg/kg) could stimulate both cellular and humoral immune functions in the treated hosts. In addition, silymarin at 100 mg/kg appeared to impact on DTH responses and lymphoproliferation. Based on the finding here, it would seem that silymarin has efficient immunostimulant properties. As a recommendation, the application of silymarin along with acupuncture technique (herbal acupuncture) can be thought as a good plan to modulate and enhance the immune system for the management of several immunodeficiency disorders. However, further studies are required to demonstrate this hypothesis.http://www.journal-pharm.com/sub/view/246silymarinimmunomodulatorycellular immunityhumoral immunity |
| spellingShingle | Gholamreza Karimi Samed Hassanzadeh-Josan Bahram Memar Seyed-Alireza Esmaeili Bamdad Riahi-Zanjani Immunomodulatory effects of silymarin after subacute exposure to mice: A tiered approach immunotoxicity screening Journal of Pharmacopuncture silymarin immunomodulatory cellular immunity humoral immunity |
| title | Immunomodulatory effects of silymarin after subacute exposure to mice: A tiered approach immunotoxicity screening |
| title_full | Immunomodulatory effects of silymarin after subacute exposure to mice: A tiered approach immunotoxicity screening |
| title_fullStr | Immunomodulatory effects of silymarin after subacute exposure to mice: A tiered approach immunotoxicity screening |
| title_full_unstemmed | Immunomodulatory effects of silymarin after subacute exposure to mice: A tiered approach immunotoxicity screening |
| title_short | Immunomodulatory effects of silymarin after subacute exposure to mice: A tiered approach immunotoxicity screening |
| title_sort | immunomodulatory effects of silymarin after subacute exposure to mice a tiered approach immunotoxicity screening |
| topic | silymarin immunomodulatory cellular immunity humoral immunity |
| url | http://www.journal-pharm.com/sub/view/246 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT gholamrezakarimi immunomodulatoryeffectsofsilymarinaftersubacuteexposuretomiceatieredapproachimmunotoxicityscreening AT samedhassanzadehjosan immunomodulatoryeffectsofsilymarinaftersubacuteexposuretomiceatieredapproachimmunotoxicityscreening AT bahrammemar immunomodulatoryeffectsofsilymarinaftersubacuteexposuretomiceatieredapproachimmunotoxicityscreening AT seyedalirezaesmaeili immunomodulatoryeffectsofsilymarinaftersubacuteexposuretomiceatieredapproachimmunotoxicityscreening AT bamdadriahizanjani immunomodulatoryeffectsofsilymarinaftersubacuteexposuretomiceatieredapproachimmunotoxicityscreening |