Molecular Characterization and Moxifloxacin Susceptibility of <i>Clostridium difficile</i>
In recent years, the incidence and severity of <i>Clostridium difficile</i> infections has increased. Additionally, resistance of <i>C. difficile</i> to frequently used antibiotics is rising. To improve our understanding of <i>C. difficile</i>, there is a need for...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2019-08-01
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| Series: | Antibiotics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/8/3/118 |
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| author | Sarah Mizrahi Zohar Hamo Maya Azrad Avi Peretz |
| author_facet | Sarah Mizrahi Zohar Hamo Maya Azrad Avi Peretz |
| author_sort | Sarah Mizrahi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In recent years, the incidence and severity of <i>Clostridium difficile</i> infections has increased. Additionally, resistance of <i>C. difficile</i> to frequently used antibiotics is rising. To improve our understanding of <i>C. difficile</i>, there is a need for molecular characterization of different strains and antibiotic resistance testing. We investigated the efficacy of GenoType CDiff kit (Hain Lifesciences) in identification of <i>C. difficile</i> and its various strains in northern Israel. The kit involves a molecular assay that detects <i>C. difficile</i> from stool samples or colonies and identifies the different strains and mutations in the <i>gyrA</i> gene that cause moxifloxacin resistance. Forty-nine <i>C. difficile</i> positive samples were examined by the kit following DNA extraction from both colonies and stool. The identification rate (95.9%) of <i>C. difficile</i> was much higher when DNA was extracted from colonies, compared to extraction from stool (46.9%). Low frequencies of ribotype027 strain (2%) and of ribotype078 strain (4%) were found. There was a high concordance between genotype (mutation in <i>gyrA</i>) and phenotype (Etest) for moxifloxacin resistance (Kappa = 0.72). A high percentage of moxifloxacin-resistant strains was found. Our findings indicate that the GenoType CDiff kit is very effective in characterization of <i>C.</i> <i>difficile</i> strains and less effective for identification of <i>C. difficile</i> directly from stool samples. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-13T07:35:54Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-113f49eb8c9b40a38e16137f931ed278 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-6382 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-13T07:35:54Z |
| publishDate | 2019-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Antibiotics |
| spelling | doaj.art-113f49eb8c9b40a38e16137f931ed2782022-12-21T23:55:05ZengMDPI AGAntibiotics2079-63822019-08-018311810.3390/antibiotics8030118antibiotics8030118Molecular Characterization and Moxifloxacin Susceptibility of <i>Clostridium difficile</i>Sarah Mizrahi0Zohar Hamo1Maya Azrad2Avi Peretz3The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed 1311502, IsraelClinical Microbiology Laboratory, Baruch Padeh Medical Center, Poriya, affiliated with the Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Safed 1311502, IsraelClinical Microbiology Laboratory, Baruch Padeh Medical Center, Poriya, affiliated with the Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Safed 1311502, IsraelThe Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed 1311502, IsraelIn recent years, the incidence and severity of <i>Clostridium difficile</i> infections has increased. Additionally, resistance of <i>C. difficile</i> to frequently used antibiotics is rising. To improve our understanding of <i>C. difficile</i>, there is a need for molecular characterization of different strains and antibiotic resistance testing. We investigated the efficacy of GenoType CDiff kit (Hain Lifesciences) in identification of <i>C. difficile</i> and its various strains in northern Israel. The kit involves a molecular assay that detects <i>C. difficile</i> from stool samples or colonies and identifies the different strains and mutations in the <i>gyrA</i> gene that cause moxifloxacin resistance. Forty-nine <i>C. difficile</i> positive samples were examined by the kit following DNA extraction from both colonies and stool. The identification rate (95.9%) of <i>C. difficile</i> was much higher when DNA was extracted from colonies, compared to extraction from stool (46.9%). Low frequencies of ribotype027 strain (2%) and of ribotype078 strain (4%) were found. There was a high concordance between genotype (mutation in <i>gyrA</i>) and phenotype (Etest) for moxifloxacin resistance (Kappa = 0.72). A high percentage of moxifloxacin-resistant strains was found. Our findings indicate that the GenoType CDiff kit is very effective in characterization of <i>C.</i> <i>difficile</i> strains and less effective for identification of <i>C. difficile</i> directly from stool samples.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/8/3/118<i>Clostridium difficile</i>GenoType CDiff kitmoxifloxacinribotype027ribotype078<i>gyrA</i> |
| spellingShingle | Sarah Mizrahi Zohar Hamo Maya Azrad Avi Peretz Molecular Characterization and Moxifloxacin Susceptibility of <i>Clostridium difficile</i> Antibiotics <i>Clostridium difficile</i> GenoType CDiff kit moxifloxacin ribotype027 ribotype078 <i>gyrA</i> |
| title | Molecular Characterization and Moxifloxacin Susceptibility of <i>Clostridium difficile</i> |
| title_full | Molecular Characterization and Moxifloxacin Susceptibility of <i>Clostridium difficile</i> |
| title_fullStr | Molecular Characterization and Moxifloxacin Susceptibility of <i>Clostridium difficile</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Molecular Characterization and Moxifloxacin Susceptibility of <i>Clostridium difficile</i> |
| title_short | Molecular Characterization and Moxifloxacin Susceptibility of <i>Clostridium difficile</i> |
| title_sort | molecular characterization and moxifloxacin susceptibility of i clostridium difficile i |
| topic | <i>Clostridium difficile</i> GenoType CDiff kit moxifloxacin ribotype027 ribotype078 <i>gyrA</i> |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/8/3/118 |
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