Properties of three collagen scaffolds in comparison with native connective tissue: an in-vitro study
Abstract Purpose To evaluate collagen scaffolds (CS) in terms of their in vitro resorption behavior, surface structure, swelling behavior, and mechanical properties in physiologically simulated environments, compared with porcine native connective tissue. Materials and methods Three test materials—o...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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SpringerOpen
2023-10-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Implant Dentistry |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-023-00504-z |
| _version_ | 1797452493479739392 |
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| author | Alex Solderer Nicole Widmer Andrea Gubler Kai R. Fischer Stefan P. Hicklin Patrick R. Schmidlin |
| author_facet | Alex Solderer Nicole Widmer Andrea Gubler Kai R. Fischer Stefan P. Hicklin Patrick R. Schmidlin |
| author_sort | Alex Solderer |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Purpose To evaluate collagen scaffolds (CS) in terms of their in vitro resorption behavior, surface structure, swelling behavior, and mechanical properties in physiologically simulated environments, compared with porcine native connective tissue. Materials and methods Three test materials—one porcine collagen matrix (p-CM), two acellular dermal matrices (porcine = p-ADM, allogenic = a-ADM)—and porcine native connective tissue (p-CTG) as a control material were examined for resorption in four solutions using a high-precision scale. The solutions were artificial saliva (AS) and simulated body fluid (SBF), both with and without collagenase (0.5 U/ml at 37 °C). In addition, the surface structures of CS were analyzed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) before and after exposure to AS or SBF. The swelling behavior of CS was evaluated by measuring volume change and liquid absorption capacity in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Finally, the mechanical properties of CS and p-CTG were investigated using cyclic compression testing in PBS. Results Solutions containing collagenase demonstrated high resorption rates with significant differences (p < 0.04) between the tested materials after 4 h, 8 h and 24 h, ranging from 54.1 to 100% after 24 h. SEM images revealed cross-linked collagen structures in all untreated specimens. Unlike a-ADM, the scaffolds of p-CM and p-ADM displayed a flake-like structure. The swelling ratio and fluid absorption capacity per area ranged from 13.4 to 25.5% among the test materials and showed following pattern: p-CM > a-ADM > p-ADM. P-CM exhibited higher elastic properties than p-ADM, whereas a-ADM, like p-CTG, were barely compressible and lost structural integrity under increasing pressure. Conclusions and clinical implications Collagen scaffolds vary significantly in their physical properties, such as resorption and swelling behavior and elastic properties, depending on their microstructure and composition. When clinically applied, these differences should be taken into consideration to achieve the desired outcomes. Graphical Abstract |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T15:09:28Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-113f5795176d48e5b1ca99d09bd34365 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2198-4034 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T15:09:28Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
| publisher | SpringerOpen |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Implant Dentistry |
| spelling | doaj.art-113f5795176d48e5b1ca99d09bd343652023-11-26T13:27:19ZengSpringerOpenInternational Journal of Implant Dentistry2198-40342023-10-019111110.1186/s40729-023-00504-zProperties of three collagen scaffolds in comparison with native connective tissue: an in-vitro studyAlex Solderer0Nicole Widmer1Andrea Gubler2Kai R. Fischer3Stefan P. Hicklin4Patrick R. Schmidlin5Division for Periodontology and Peri-Implant Diseases, Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of ZurichDivision for Periodontology and Peri-Implant Diseases, Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of ZurichDivision for Periodontology and Peri-Implant Diseases, Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of ZurichDivision for Periodontology and Peri-Implant Diseases, Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of ZurichDivision for Periodontology and Peri-Implant Diseases, Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of ZurichDivision for Periodontology and Peri-Implant Diseases, Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of ZurichAbstract Purpose To evaluate collagen scaffolds (CS) in terms of their in vitro resorption behavior, surface structure, swelling behavior, and mechanical properties in physiologically simulated environments, compared with porcine native connective tissue. Materials and methods Three test materials—one porcine collagen matrix (p-CM), two acellular dermal matrices (porcine = p-ADM, allogenic = a-ADM)—and porcine native connective tissue (p-CTG) as a control material were examined for resorption in four solutions using a high-precision scale. The solutions were artificial saliva (AS) and simulated body fluid (SBF), both with and without collagenase (0.5 U/ml at 37 °C). In addition, the surface structures of CS were analyzed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) before and after exposure to AS or SBF. The swelling behavior of CS was evaluated by measuring volume change and liquid absorption capacity in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Finally, the mechanical properties of CS and p-CTG were investigated using cyclic compression testing in PBS. Results Solutions containing collagenase demonstrated high resorption rates with significant differences (p < 0.04) between the tested materials after 4 h, 8 h and 24 h, ranging from 54.1 to 100% after 24 h. SEM images revealed cross-linked collagen structures in all untreated specimens. Unlike a-ADM, the scaffolds of p-CM and p-ADM displayed a flake-like structure. The swelling ratio and fluid absorption capacity per area ranged from 13.4 to 25.5% among the test materials and showed following pattern: p-CM > a-ADM > p-ADM. P-CM exhibited higher elastic properties than p-ADM, whereas a-ADM, like p-CTG, were barely compressible and lost structural integrity under increasing pressure. Conclusions and clinical implications Collagen scaffolds vary significantly in their physical properties, such as resorption and swelling behavior and elastic properties, depending on their microstructure and composition. When clinically applied, these differences should be taken into consideration to achieve the desired outcomes. Graphical Abstracthttps://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-023-00504-zCollagen matrixAcellular dermal matrixConnective tissue graftResorption rateScanning electron microscope (SEM)Artificial saliva |
| spellingShingle | Alex Solderer Nicole Widmer Andrea Gubler Kai R. Fischer Stefan P. Hicklin Patrick R. Schmidlin Properties of three collagen scaffolds in comparison with native connective tissue: an in-vitro study International Journal of Implant Dentistry Collagen matrix Acellular dermal matrix Connective tissue graft Resorption rate Scanning electron microscope (SEM) Artificial saliva |
| title | Properties of three collagen scaffolds in comparison with native connective tissue: an in-vitro study |
| title_full | Properties of three collagen scaffolds in comparison with native connective tissue: an in-vitro study |
| title_fullStr | Properties of three collagen scaffolds in comparison with native connective tissue: an in-vitro study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Properties of three collagen scaffolds in comparison with native connective tissue: an in-vitro study |
| title_short | Properties of three collagen scaffolds in comparison with native connective tissue: an in-vitro study |
| title_sort | properties of three collagen scaffolds in comparison with native connective tissue an in vitro study |
| topic | Collagen matrix Acellular dermal matrix Connective tissue graft Resorption rate Scanning electron microscope (SEM) Artificial saliva |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-023-00504-z |
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