Referential Values of Testicular Volume Measured by Ultrasonography in Normal Children and Adolescents: Z-Score Establishment
Objective: To establish Z-score regression equation derived from age for testicular volume measured by ultrasonography in normal boys aged 0 to 18 years old.Method: The length (L), width (W), and height (H) of 3,328 testicles from 1,664 Chinese boys were measured by ultrasonography. Lambert's f...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-03-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Pediatrics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fped.2021.648711/full |
| _version_ | 1818847902212030464 |
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| author | Chen Liu Xiao Liu Xiangxiang Zhang Boyang Yang Lan Huang Hongying Wang Hongkui Yu |
| author_facet | Chen Liu Xiao Liu Xiangxiang Zhang Boyang Yang Lan Huang Hongying Wang Hongkui Yu |
| author_sort | Chen Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Objective: To establish Z-score regression equation derived from age for testicular volume measured by ultrasonography in normal boys aged 0 to 18 years old.Method: The length (L), width (W), and height (H) of 3,328 testicles from 1,664 Chinese boys were measured by ultrasonography. Lambert's formula: L × W × H × 0.71 was used to calculate testicular volume. Z-score regression equation derived from age was established by regression analysis of predicted values of testicular volume and standard deviations.Result: There was no significant difference between left and right testicular volumes. Testicular volume was positively correlated with age, and logarithmic transformation of testicular volume can show a fine curve fit with age. To establish Z-score regression equation derived from age, the predicted values of testicular volume used cubic regression equations, and the standard deviation used square regression equations. The Z-score regression equation derived from age was calculated by the formula: z = [lg (L × W × H × 0.71) – (−0.3524-0.01759 × x+0.009417 × x2-0.0001840 × x3)]/(0.1059+0.01434 × x-0.0005324 × x2).Conclusion: The current study provided a reference value for testicular volume of boys aged 0 to 18 years old. Z-score regression equation derived from age for testicular volume can be established. Z-score will be of great value for the testicular development assessment and disease diagnosis and follow-up. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-19T06:08:49Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1142c79292a04f9d8af4a7a818eef887 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-2360 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-19T06:08:49Z |
| publishDate | 2021-03-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Pediatrics |
| spelling | doaj.art-1142c79292a04f9d8af4a7a818eef8872022-12-21T20:33:03ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Pediatrics2296-23602021-03-01910.3389/fped.2021.648711648711Referential Values of Testicular Volume Measured by Ultrasonography in Normal Children and Adolescents: Z-Score EstablishmentChen Liu0Xiao Liu1Xiangxiang Zhang2Boyang Yang3Lan Huang4Hongying Wang5Hongkui Yu6Department of Ultrasonography, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, ChinaDepartment of Ultrasonography, Shenzhen Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, ChinaDepartment of Ultrasonography, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, ChinaDepartment of Ultrasonography, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, ChinaDepartment of Ultrasonography, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, ChinaDepartment of Ultrasonography, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, ChinaDepartment of Ultrasonography, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, ChinaObjective: To establish Z-score regression equation derived from age for testicular volume measured by ultrasonography in normal boys aged 0 to 18 years old.Method: The length (L), width (W), and height (H) of 3,328 testicles from 1,664 Chinese boys were measured by ultrasonography. Lambert's formula: L × W × H × 0.71 was used to calculate testicular volume. Z-score regression equation derived from age was established by regression analysis of predicted values of testicular volume and standard deviations.Result: There was no significant difference between left and right testicular volumes. Testicular volume was positively correlated with age, and logarithmic transformation of testicular volume can show a fine curve fit with age. To establish Z-score regression equation derived from age, the predicted values of testicular volume used cubic regression equations, and the standard deviation used square regression equations. The Z-score regression equation derived from age was calculated by the formula: z = [lg (L × W × H × 0.71) – (−0.3524-0.01759 × x+0.009417 × x2-0.0001840 × x3)]/(0.1059+0.01434 × x-0.0005324 × x2).Conclusion: The current study provided a reference value for testicular volume of boys aged 0 to 18 years old. Z-score regression equation derived from age for testicular volume can be established. Z-score will be of great value for the testicular development assessment and disease diagnosis and follow-up.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fped.2021.648711/fulltesticular volumeZ-scoreultrasonographychildrenreferential values |
| spellingShingle | Chen Liu Xiao Liu Xiangxiang Zhang Boyang Yang Lan Huang Hongying Wang Hongkui Yu Referential Values of Testicular Volume Measured by Ultrasonography in Normal Children and Adolescents: Z-Score Establishment Frontiers in Pediatrics testicular volume Z-score ultrasonography children referential values |
| title | Referential Values of Testicular Volume Measured by Ultrasonography in Normal Children and Adolescents: Z-Score Establishment |
| title_full | Referential Values of Testicular Volume Measured by Ultrasonography in Normal Children and Adolescents: Z-Score Establishment |
| title_fullStr | Referential Values of Testicular Volume Measured by Ultrasonography in Normal Children and Adolescents: Z-Score Establishment |
| title_full_unstemmed | Referential Values of Testicular Volume Measured by Ultrasonography in Normal Children and Adolescents: Z-Score Establishment |
| title_short | Referential Values of Testicular Volume Measured by Ultrasonography in Normal Children and Adolescents: Z-Score Establishment |
| title_sort | referential values of testicular volume measured by ultrasonography in normal children and adolescents z score establishment |
| topic | testicular volume Z-score ultrasonography children referential values |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fped.2021.648711/full |
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