Analysis of the Structure and Hydraulic Function of Bordered Pits Using the Lattice Boltzman Method
Fluid flow between adjacent tracheids is realized through bordered pits in the xylem of conifers. The pit has an extremely small size and a highly complex structure. This paper presents a mesoscopic analytical method for the relationship between the pit structure and its hydraulic characteristics th...
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MDPI AG
2021-04-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/12/5/526 |
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| author | Wen Qu Chunmei Yang Yan Ma Wenji Yu Guangyi Qin Yufei Jin |
| author_facet | Wen Qu Chunmei Yang Yan Ma Wenji Yu Guangyi Qin Yufei Jin |
| author_sort | Wen Qu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Fluid flow between adjacent tracheids is realized through bordered pits in the xylem of conifers. The pit has an extremely small size and a highly complex structure. This paper presents a mesoscopic analytical method for the relationship between the pit structure and its hydraulic characteristics through mathematical modeling using the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) and curved boundary treatment. Mongolian Scots pine were selected as the research subject of this study, and the bordered pit structure parameters was collected by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and the original geometric features were maintained for direct modeling analysis. The model revealed the relationship between various components of the bordered pit and liquid flow velocity/resistance, indicating that margo is the main factor affecting flow resistance. Further anatomical investigation separately analyzed the influence of change in a single factor, including pit diameter, pit aperture diameter, pit depth, torus diameter, and margo thickness, on the overall flow and pressure drop to confirm the importance of various factors in this relationship. Additionally, the influence of pore size and pore location distribution in the margo on the flow rate and pressure drop was further analyzed quantitatively. The results showed that the flow rate through individual pores is the result of the combined effect of pore area and radial position of the pore in the margo. Our study promotes the research and application of the mesoscopic model LBM in simulating flow conditions in the complex flow field of pits, which realizes the numerical analysis of the flow field model based on individualized real bordered pits. In comparison with the classical macroscopic model, the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed model are proved. This research can provide a promising method for analyzing the physiological and ecological functions of conifer and realizing the efficient utilization of wood resources. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:59:33Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1149c65ee8d84b4caa5e4a4289bfbdcf |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4907 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:59:33Z |
| publishDate | 2021-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Forests |
| spelling | doaj.art-1149c65ee8d84b4caa5e4a4289bfbdcf2023-11-21T17:00:59ZengMDPI AGForests1999-49072021-04-0112552610.3390/f12050526Analysis of the Structure and Hydraulic Function of Bordered Pits Using the Lattice Boltzman MethodWen Qu0Chunmei Yang1Yan Ma2Wenji Yu3Guangyi Qin4Yufei Jin5College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, ChinaCollege of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, ChinaCollege of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, ChinaResearch Institute of Wood Industry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, ChinaCollege of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, ChinaCollege of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, ChinaFluid flow between adjacent tracheids is realized through bordered pits in the xylem of conifers. The pit has an extremely small size and a highly complex structure. This paper presents a mesoscopic analytical method for the relationship between the pit structure and its hydraulic characteristics through mathematical modeling using the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) and curved boundary treatment. Mongolian Scots pine were selected as the research subject of this study, and the bordered pit structure parameters was collected by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and the original geometric features were maintained for direct modeling analysis. The model revealed the relationship between various components of the bordered pit and liquid flow velocity/resistance, indicating that margo is the main factor affecting flow resistance. Further anatomical investigation separately analyzed the influence of change in a single factor, including pit diameter, pit aperture diameter, pit depth, torus diameter, and margo thickness, on the overall flow and pressure drop to confirm the importance of various factors in this relationship. Additionally, the influence of pore size and pore location distribution in the margo on the flow rate and pressure drop was further analyzed quantitatively. The results showed that the flow rate through individual pores is the result of the combined effect of pore area and radial position of the pore in the margo. Our study promotes the research and application of the mesoscopic model LBM in simulating flow conditions in the complex flow field of pits, which realizes the numerical analysis of the flow field model based on individualized real bordered pits. In comparison with the classical macroscopic model, the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed model are proved. This research can provide a promising method for analyzing the physiological and ecological functions of conifer and realizing the efficient utilization of wood resources.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/12/5/526bordered pitsLBMmodelinghydraulic functionflow resistance |
| spellingShingle | Wen Qu Chunmei Yang Yan Ma Wenji Yu Guangyi Qin Yufei Jin Analysis of the Structure and Hydraulic Function of Bordered Pits Using the Lattice Boltzman Method Forests bordered pits LBM modeling hydraulic function flow resistance |
| title | Analysis of the Structure and Hydraulic Function of Bordered Pits Using the Lattice Boltzman Method |
| title_full | Analysis of the Structure and Hydraulic Function of Bordered Pits Using the Lattice Boltzman Method |
| title_fullStr | Analysis of the Structure and Hydraulic Function of Bordered Pits Using the Lattice Boltzman Method |
| title_full_unstemmed | Analysis of the Structure and Hydraulic Function of Bordered Pits Using the Lattice Boltzman Method |
| title_short | Analysis of the Structure and Hydraulic Function of Bordered Pits Using the Lattice Boltzman Method |
| title_sort | analysis of the structure and hydraulic function of bordered pits using the lattice boltzman method |
| topic | bordered pits LBM modeling hydraulic function flow resistance |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/12/5/526 |
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