Epstein–Barr Virus Detection in the Central Nervous System of HIV-Infected Patients
Simply detecting Epstein–Barr virus deoxyribonucleic acid (EBV-DNA) is insufficient to diagnose EBV-associated diseases. The current literature around EBV-DNA detection from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive non-lymphoma patients was systematically reviewed and...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-09-01
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| Series: | Pathogens |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/11/10/1080 |
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| author | Kalo Musukuma-Chifulo Omar Khalik Siddiqi Obvious Nchimunya Chilyabanyama Matthew Bates Caroline Cleopatra Chisenga Michelo Simuyandi Edford Sinkala Xin Dang Igor Jerome Koralnik Roma Chilengi Sody Munsaka |
| author_facet | Kalo Musukuma-Chifulo Omar Khalik Siddiqi Obvious Nchimunya Chilyabanyama Matthew Bates Caroline Cleopatra Chisenga Michelo Simuyandi Edford Sinkala Xin Dang Igor Jerome Koralnik Roma Chilengi Sody Munsaka |
| author_sort | Kalo Musukuma-Chifulo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Simply detecting Epstein–Barr virus deoxyribonucleic acid (EBV-DNA) is insufficient to diagnose EBV-associated diseases. The current literature around EBV-DNA detection from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive non-lymphoma patients was systematically reviewed and a meta-analysis reporting the estimated pooled prevalence in this population when PCR methods are employed, targeting different sequence segments within the EBV genome, was conducted. Using a combination of three key concepts—Epstein–Barr virus detection, central nervous system disease, and human cerebrospinal fluid—and their MeSH terms, the PubMed database was searched. A total of 273 papers reporting the detection of EBV in CNS were screened, of which 13 met the inclusion criteria. The meta-analysis revealed a pooled prevalence of EBV-DNA in CSF of 20% (CI: 12–31%). The highest pooled prevalence was from studies conducted on the African population at 39% (CI: 27–51%). The investigation of the presence of EBV-DNA in the CSF was also very varied, with several gene targets used. While most patients from the articles included in this review and meta-analysis were symptomatic of CNS disorders, the pathogenicity of EBV in non-lymphoma HIV patients when detected in CSF has still not been determined. The presence of EBV-DNA in the CNS remains a concern, and further research is warranted to understand its significance in causing CNS disorders. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:38:07Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-114cc355470f4e4496f26223654ed1e6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-0817 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:38:07Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pathogens |
| spelling | doaj.art-114cc355470f4e4496f26223654ed1e62023-11-24T01:47:16ZengMDPI AGPathogens2076-08172022-09-011110108010.3390/pathogens11101080Epstein–Barr Virus Detection in the Central Nervous System of HIV-Infected PatientsKalo Musukuma-Chifulo0Omar Khalik Siddiqi1Obvious Nchimunya Chilyabanyama2Matthew Bates3Caroline Cleopatra Chisenga4Michelo Simuyandi5Edford Sinkala6Xin Dang7Igor Jerome Koralnik8Roma Chilengi9Sody Munsaka10Department of Biomedical Science, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka P.O. Box 50110, ZambiaGlobal Neurology Program, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USADepartment of Research, Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka P.O. Box 34681, ZambiaSchool of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Lincoln, Lincoln LN6 7TS, UKDepartment of Research, Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka P.O. Box 34681, ZambiaDepartment of Research, Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka P.O. Box 34681, ZambiaDepartment of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka P.O. Box 50110, ZambiaDepartment of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USADepartment of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USADepartment of Research, Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka P.O. Box 34681, ZambiaDepartment of Biomedical Science, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka P.O. Box 50110, ZambiaSimply detecting Epstein–Barr virus deoxyribonucleic acid (EBV-DNA) is insufficient to diagnose EBV-associated diseases. The current literature around EBV-DNA detection from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive non-lymphoma patients was systematically reviewed and a meta-analysis reporting the estimated pooled prevalence in this population when PCR methods are employed, targeting different sequence segments within the EBV genome, was conducted. Using a combination of three key concepts—Epstein–Barr virus detection, central nervous system disease, and human cerebrospinal fluid—and their MeSH terms, the PubMed database was searched. A total of 273 papers reporting the detection of EBV in CNS were screened, of which 13 met the inclusion criteria. The meta-analysis revealed a pooled prevalence of EBV-DNA in CSF of 20% (CI: 12–31%). The highest pooled prevalence was from studies conducted on the African population at 39% (CI: 27–51%). The investigation of the presence of EBV-DNA in the CSF was also very varied, with several gene targets used. While most patients from the articles included in this review and meta-analysis were symptomatic of CNS disorders, the pathogenicity of EBV in non-lymphoma HIV patients when detected in CSF has still not been determined. The presence of EBV-DNA in the CNS remains a concern, and further research is warranted to understand its significance in causing CNS disorders.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/11/10/1080Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)central nervous system (CNS)human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)polymerase chain reaction (PCR)cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) |
| spellingShingle | Kalo Musukuma-Chifulo Omar Khalik Siddiqi Obvious Nchimunya Chilyabanyama Matthew Bates Caroline Cleopatra Chisenga Michelo Simuyandi Edford Sinkala Xin Dang Igor Jerome Koralnik Roma Chilengi Sody Munsaka Epstein–Barr Virus Detection in the Central Nervous System of HIV-Infected Patients Pathogens Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) central nervous system (CNS) human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) |
| title | Epstein–Barr Virus Detection in the Central Nervous System of HIV-Infected Patients |
| title_full | Epstein–Barr Virus Detection in the Central Nervous System of HIV-Infected Patients |
| title_fullStr | Epstein–Barr Virus Detection in the Central Nervous System of HIV-Infected Patients |
| title_full_unstemmed | Epstein–Barr Virus Detection in the Central Nervous System of HIV-Infected Patients |
| title_short | Epstein–Barr Virus Detection in the Central Nervous System of HIV-Infected Patients |
| title_sort | epstein barr virus detection in the central nervous system of hiv infected patients |
| topic | Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) central nervous system (CNS) human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/11/10/1080 |
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