Alternative Methods to Current In Vivo Procedures to Address the 3Rs Tenet in Rabies Proficiency Testing
Canine rabies is responsible for an estimated 59,000 human deaths every year. In an attempt to reach the ZeroBy30 goal, robust disease surveillance coupled with improved diagnostics play a paramount role in ensuring reliable data and gradually attesting rabies control advancements. In this context,...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-07-01
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| Series: | Viruses |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/14/8/1698 |
| _version_ | 1797431601588600832 |
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| author | Maira Zorzan Morgane Gourlaouen Stefania Leopardi Paola De Benedictis |
| author_facet | Maira Zorzan Morgane Gourlaouen Stefania Leopardi Paola De Benedictis |
| author_sort | Maira Zorzan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Canine rabies is responsible for an estimated 59,000 human deaths every year. In an attempt to reach the ZeroBy30 goal, robust disease surveillance coupled with improved diagnostics play a paramount role in ensuring reliable data and gradually attesting rabies control advancements. In this context, proficiency testing is organized to harmonize rabies diagnostic capacities. In most exercises, rabies-positive samples consist of brains collected from intracerebrally inoculated mice. This procedure causes distress and severe suffering to animals, raising important ethical concerns that can no longer be ignored. In the last decades, the 3Rs tenet (Replace, Reduce, Refine) has been successfully implemented in several scientific areas, and we strongly support its application in the framework of rabies proficiency testing. Here, we discuss cell-based technologies as innovative sustainable in vitro candidate systems to replace in vivo experiments for the production of proficiency testing samples. The application of these alternative methods can allow completely in vitro or ex vivo production of rabies proficiency testing panels, which would represent an important replacement or reduction/refinement for current in vivo procedures. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T09:47:32Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-114d0a9ec3f143cbb88c19f562ffd00c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T09:47:32Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj.art-114d0a9ec3f143cbb88c19f562ffd00c2023-12-02T00:26:31ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152022-07-01148169810.3390/v14081698Alternative Methods to Current In Vivo Procedures to Address the 3Rs Tenet in Rabies Proficiency TestingMaira Zorzan0Morgane Gourlaouen1Stefania Leopardi2Paola De Benedictis3Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Italian Reference Centre for Rabies, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, viale dell’Università 10, 35020 Legnaro, ItalyFood and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Italian Reference Centre for Rabies, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, viale dell’Università 10, 35020 Legnaro, ItalyFood and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Italian Reference Centre for Rabies, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, viale dell’Università 10, 35020 Legnaro, ItalyFood and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Italian Reference Centre for Rabies, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, viale dell’Università 10, 35020 Legnaro, ItalyCanine rabies is responsible for an estimated 59,000 human deaths every year. In an attempt to reach the ZeroBy30 goal, robust disease surveillance coupled with improved diagnostics play a paramount role in ensuring reliable data and gradually attesting rabies control advancements. In this context, proficiency testing is organized to harmonize rabies diagnostic capacities. In most exercises, rabies-positive samples consist of brains collected from intracerebrally inoculated mice. This procedure causes distress and severe suffering to animals, raising important ethical concerns that can no longer be ignored. In the last decades, the 3Rs tenet (Replace, Reduce, Refine) has been successfully implemented in several scientific areas, and we strongly support its application in the framework of rabies proficiency testing. Here, we discuss cell-based technologies as innovative sustainable in vitro candidate systems to replace in vivo experiments for the production of proficiency testing samples. The application of these alternative methods can allow completely in vitro or ex vivo production of rabies proficiency testing panels, which would represent an important replacement or reduction/refinement for current in vivo procedures.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/14/8/1698rabiesproficiency testing3Rs tenetin vitro/ex vivo technologies |
| spellingShingle | Maira Zorzan Morgane Gourlaouen Stefania Leopardi Paola De Benedictis Alternative Methods to Current In Vivo Procedures to Address the 3Rs Tenet in Rabies Proficiency Testing Viruses rabies proficiency testing 3Rs tenet in vitro/ex vivo technologies |
| title | Alternative Methods to Current In Vivo Procedures to Address the 3Rs Tenet in Rabies Proficiency Testing |
| title_full | Alternative Methods to Current In Vivo Procedures to Address the 3Rs Tenet in Rabies Proficiency Testing |
| title_fullStr | Alternative Methods to Current In Vivo Procedures to Address the 3Rs Tenet in Rabies Proficiency Testing |
| title_full_unstemmed | Alternative Methods to Current In Vivo Procedures to Address the 3Rs Tenet in Rabies Proficiency Testing |
| title_short | Alternative Methods to Current In Vivo Procedures to Address the 3Rs Tenet in Rabies Proficiency Testing |
| title_sort | alternative methods to current in vivo procedures to address the 3rs tenet in rabies proficiency testing |
| topic | rabies proficiency testing 3Rs tenet in vitro/ex vivo technologies |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/14/8/1698 |
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