Evaluation of Statistical PMP Considering RCP Climate Change Scenarios in Republic of Korea
Extreme rainfall and floods have increased in frequency and severity in recent years, due to climate change and urbanization. Consequently, interest in estimating the probable maximum precipitation (PMP) has been burgeoning. The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) recommends two types of methods...
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MDPI AG
2023-05-01
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| Series: | Water |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/9/1756 |
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| author | Miru Seo Sunghun Kim Heechul Kim Hanbeen Kim Ju-Young Shin Jun-Haeng Heo |
| author_facet | Miru Seo Sunghun Kim Heechul Kim Hanbeen Kim Ju-Young Shin Jun-Haeng Heo |
| author_sort | Miru Seo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Extreme rainfall and floods have increased in frequency and severity in recent years, due to climate change and urbanization. Consequently, interest in estimating the probable maximum precipitation (PMP) has been burgeoning. The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) recommends two types of methods for calculating the PMP: hydrometeorological and statistical methods. This study proposes a modified Hershfield’s nomograph method and assesses the changes in PMP values based on the two representative concentration pathway (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) scenarios in South Korea. To achieve the intended objective, five techniques were employed to compute statistical PMPs (SPMPs). Moreover, the most suitable statistical method was selected by comparing the calculated SPMP with the hydrometeorological PMP (HPMP), by applying statistical criteria. Accordingly, SPMPs from the five methods were compared with the HPMPs for the historical period of 2020 and the future period of 2100 for RCP 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios, respectively. The results confirmed that the SPMPs from the modified Hershfield’s nomograph showed the smallest MAE (mean absolute error), MAPE (mean absolute percentage error), and RMSE (root mean square error), which are the best results compared with the HPMP with an average SPMP/HPMP ratio of 0.988 for the 2020 historical period. In addition, Hershfield’s method with varying <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>K</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>M</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> exhibits the worst results for both RCP scenarios, with SPMP/HPMP ratios of 0.377 for RCP4.5 and 0.304 for RCP8.5, respectively. On the contrary, the modified Hershfield’s nomograph was the most appropriate method for estimating the future SPMPs: the average ratios were 0.878 and 0.726 for the 2100 future period under the RCP 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios, respectively, in South Korea. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:03:18Z |
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| id | doaj.art-11504eb9b0c4496db15fded9845a495f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4441 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:03:18Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
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| series | Water |
| spelling | doaj.art-11504eb9b0c4496db15fded9845a495f2023-11-17T23:58:05ZengMDPI AGWater2073-44412023-05-01159175610.3390/w15091756Evaluation of Statistical PMP Considering RCP Climate Change Scenarios in Republic of KoreaMiru Seo0Sunghun Kim1Heechul Kim2Hanbeen Kim3Ju-Young Shin4Jun-Haeng Heo5School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of KoreaSchool of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of KoreaSchool of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of KoreaIIHR—Hydroscience & Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242-1585, USASchool of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of KoreaSchool of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of KoreaExtreme rainfall and floods have increased in frequency and severity in recent years, due to climate change and urbanization. Consequently, interest in estimating the probable maximum precipitation (PMP) has been burgeoning. The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) recommends two types of methods for calculating the PMP: hydrometeorological and statistical methods. This study proposes a modified Hershfield’s nomograph method and assesses the changes in PMP values based on the two representative concentration pathway (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) scenarios in South Korea. To achieve the intended objective, five techniques were employed to compute statistical PMPs (SPMPs). Moreover, the most suitable statistical method was selected by comparing the calculated SPMP with the hydrometeorological PMP (HPMP), by applying statistical criteria. Accordingly, SPMPs from the five methods were compared with the HPMPs for the historical period of 2020 and the future period of 2100 for RCP 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios, respectively. The results confirmed that the SPMPs from the modified Hershfield’s nomograph showed the smallest MAE (mean absolute error), MAPE (mean absolute percentage error), and RMSE (root mean square error), which are the best results compared with the HPMP with an average SPMP/HPMP ratio of 0.988 for the 2020 historical period. In addition, Hershfield’s method with varying <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>K</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>M</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> exhibits the worst results for both RCP scenarios, with SPMP/HPMP ratios of 0.377 for RCP4.5 and 0.304 for RCP8.5, respectively. On the contrary, the modified Hershfield’s nomograph was the most appropriate method for estimating the future SPMPs: the average ratios were 0.878 and 0.726 for the 2100 future period under the RCP 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios, respectively, in South Korea.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/9/1756probable maximum precipitationstatistical PMPclimate changeRCP scenarios |
| spellingShingle | Miru Seo Sunghun Kim Heechul Kim Hanbeen Kim Ju-Young Shin Jun-Haeng Heo Evaluation of Statistical PMP Considering RCP Climate Change Scenarios in Republic of Korea Water probable maximum precipitation statistical PMP climate change RCP scenarios |
| title | Evaluation of Statistical PMP Considering RCP Climate Change Scenarios in Republic of Korea |
| title_full | Evaluation of Statistical PMP Considering RCP Climate Change Scenarios in Republic of Korea |
| title_fullStr | Evaluation of Statistical PMP Considering RCP Climate Change Scenarios in Republic of Korea |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation of Statistical PMP Considering RCP Climate Change Scenarios in Republic of Korea |
| title_short | Evaluation of Statistical PMP Considering RCP Climate Change Scenarios in Republic of Korea |
| title_sort | evaluation of statistical pmp considering rcp climate change scenarios in republic of korea |
| topic | probable maximum precipitation statistical PMP climate change RCP scenarios |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/9/1756 |
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