Microstructural Evolution, Mechanical Properties and Tribological Behavior of B<sub>4</sub>C-Reinforced Ti In Situ Composites Produced by Laser Powder Bed Fusion
Based on the advantage of rapid net-shape fabrication, laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) is utilized to process B<sub>4</sub>C-reinforced Ti composites. The effect of volumetric energy density (<i>VED</i>) on the relative density, microstructural evolution, tensile properties an...
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MDPI AG
2023-07-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/16/13/4890 |
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| author | Jingguang Du Yaojia Ren Xinyan Liu Feng Xu Xiaoteng Wang Runhua Zhou Ian Baker Hong Wu |
| author_facet | Jingguang Du Yaojia Ren Xinyan Liu Feng Xu Xiaoteng Wang Runhua Zhou Ian Baker Hong Wu |
| author_sort | Jingguang Du |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Based on the advantage of rapid net-shape fabrication, laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) is utilized to process B<sub>4</sub>C-reinforced Ti composites. The effect of volumetric energy density (<i>VED</i>) on the relative density, microstructural evolution, tensile properties and wear behaviors of B<sub>4</sub>C-reinforced Ti composites were systematically investigated. The LPBF-ed samples with high relative density (>99%) can be achieved, while the pores and un-melted powders can be observed in the sample owing to the low energy input (33 J/mm<sup>3</sup>). The additive particulates B<sub>4</sub>C were transformed into needle-like TiB whiskers with nano-scale while C dissolved in the Ti matrix. Fine-scale grains (<10 μm) with random crystallographic orientation can be achieved and the residual stress shows a downtrend as the <i>VED</i> increases. Through the analysis of the tensile and wear tests, the sample at 61 J/mm<sup>3 </sup><i>VED</i> showed a good combination of strength and wear performance, with an ultimate tensile strength of 951 MPa and a wear rate of 3.91 × 10<sup>−4</sup> mm<sup>3</sup>·N<sup>−1</sup>m<sup>−1</sup>. The microstructural evolution in <i>VED</i> changes and the corresponding underlying strengthening mechanisms of LPBF-ed Ti + B<sub>4</sub>C composites are conducted in detail. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:34:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-115aa9c053b4442a870f9b71d1499bb7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:34:52Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Materials |
| spelling | doaj.art-115aa9c053b4442a870f9b71d1499bb72023-11-18T17:01:21ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442023-07-011613489010.3390/ma16134890Microstructural Evolution, Mechanical Properties and Tribological Behavior of B<sub>4</sub>C-Reinforced Ti In Situ Composites Produced by Laser Powder Bed FusionJingguang Du0Yaojia Ren1Xinyan Liu2Feng Xu3Xiaoteng Wang4Runhua Zhou5Ian Baker6Hong Wu7State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083, ChinaResearch Institute of Smart Manufacturing, China Railway Construction Heavy Industry Co., Ltd., Changsha 410100, ChinaSchool of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, SingaporeThayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USAState Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083, ChinaBased on the advantage of rapid net-shape fabrication, laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) is utilized to process B<sub>4</sub>C-reinforced Ti composites. The effect of volumetric energy density (<i>VED</i>) on the relative density, microstructural evolution, tensile properties and wear behaviors of B<sub>4</sub>C-reinforced Ti composites were systematically investigated. The LPBF-ed samples with high relative density (>99%) can be achieved, while the pores and un-melted powders can be observed in the sample owing to the low energy input (33 J/mm<sup>3</sup>). The additive particulates B<sub>4</sub>C were transformed into needle-like TiB whiskers with nano-scale while C dissolved in the Ti matrix. Fine-scale grains (<10 μm) with random crystallographic orientation can be achieved and the residual stress shows a downtrend as the <i>VED</i> increases. Through the analysis of the tensile and wear tests, the sample at 61 J/mm<sup>3 </sup><i>VED</i> showed a good combination of strength and wear performance, with an ultimate tensile strength of 951 MPa and a wear rate of 3.91 × 10<sup>−4</sup> mm<sup>3</sup>·N<sup>−1</sup>m<sup>−1</sup>. The microstructural evolution in <i>VED</i> changes and the corresponding underlying strengthening mechanisms of LPBF-ed Ti + B<sub>4</sub>C composites are conducted in detail.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/16/13/4890laser powder bed fusiontitanium compositemicrostructural evolutionmechanical propertytribological behavior |
| spellingShingle | Jingguang Du Yaojia Ren Xinyan Liu Feng Xu Xiaoteng Wang Runhua Zhou Ian Baker Hong Wu Microstructural Evolution, Mechanical Properties and Tribological Behavior of B<sub>4</sub>C-Reinforced Ti In Situ Composites Produced by Laser Powder Bed Fusion Materials laser powder bed fusion titanium composite microstructural evolution mechanical property tribological behavior |
| title | Microstructural Evolution, Mechanical Properties and Tribological Behavior of B<sub>4</sub>C-Reinforced Ti In Situ Composites Produced by Laser Powder Bed Fusion |
| title_full | Microstructural Evolution, Mechanical Properties and Tribological Behavior of B<sub>4</sub>C-Reinforced Ti In Situ Composites Produced by Laser Powder Bed Fusion |
| title_fullStr | Microstructural Evolution, Mechanical Properties and Tribological Behavior of B<sub>4</sub>C-Reinforced Ti In Situ Composites Produced by Laser Powder Bed Fusion |
| title_full_unstemmed | Microstructural Evolution, Mechanical Properties and Tribological Behavior of B<sub>4</sub>C-Reinforced Ti In Situ Composites Produced by Laser Powder Bed Fusion |
| title_short | Microstructural Evolution, Mechanical Properties and Tribological Behavior of B<sub>4</sub>C-Reinforced Ti In Situ Composites Produced by Laser Powder Bed Fusion |
| title_sort | microstructural evolution mechanical properties and tribological behavior of b sub 4 sub c reinforced ti in situ composites produced by laser powder bed fusion |
| topic | laser powder bed fusion titanium composite microstructural evolution mechanical property tribological behavior |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/16/13/4890 |
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