Viruses Infecting Greenhood Orchids (Pterostylidinae) in Eastern Australia
The Australasian biogeographic realm is a major centre of diversity for orchids, with every subfamily of the Orchidaceae represented and high levels of endemism at the species rank. It is hypothesised that there is a commensurate diversity of viruses infecting this group of plants. In this study, we...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-02-01
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| Series: | Viruses |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/14/2/365 |
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| author | Hsu-Yao Chao Mark A. Clements Anne M. Mackenzie Ralf G. Dietzgen John E. Thomas Andrew D. W. Geering |
| author_facet | Hsu-Yao Chao Mark A. Clements Anne M. Mackenzie Ralf G. Dietzgen John E. Thomas Andrew D. W. Geering |
| author_sort | Hsu-Yao Chao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The Australasian biogeographic realm is a major centre of diversity for orchids, with every subfamily of the Orchidaceae represented and high levels of endemism at the species rank. It is hypothesised that there is a commensurate diversity of viruses infecting this group of plants. In this study, we have utilised high-throughput sequencing to survey for viruses infecting greenhood orchids (Pterostylidinae) in New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory. The main aim of this study was to characterise Pterostylis blotch virus (PtBV), a previously reported but uncharacterised virus that had been tentatively classified in the genus <i>Orthotospovirus</i>. This classification was confirmed by genome sequencing, and phylogenetic analyses suggested that PtBV is representative of a new species that is possibly indigenous to Australia as it does not belong to either the American or Eurasian clades of orthotospoviruses. Apart from PtBV, putative new viruses in the genera <i>Alphaendornavirus</i>, <i>Amalgavirus</i>, <i>Polerovirus</i> and <i>Totivirus</i> were discovered, and complete genome sequences were obtained for each virus. It is concluded that the polerovirus is likely an example of an introduced virus infecting a native plant species in its natural habitat, as this virus is probably vectored by an aphid, and Australia has a depauperate native aphid fauna that does not include any species that are host-adapted to orchids. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:51:15Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-117b249de69f4dd181d93ae9cba5cd8c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:51:15Z |
| publishDate | 2022-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj.art-117b249de69f4dd181d93ae9cba5cd8c2023-11-23T22:31:44ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152022-02-0114236510.3390/v14020365Viruses Infecting Greenhood Orchids (Pterostylidinae) in Eastern AustraliaHsu-Yao Chao0Mark A. Clements1Anne M. Mackenzie2Ralf G. Dietzgen3John E. Thomas4Andrew D. W. Geering5Centre for Horticultural Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, AustraliaCentre for Australian National Biodiversity Research, National Facilities and Collections, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Canberra, ACT 2601, AustraliaIndependent Researcher, Hawker, ACT 2614, AustraliaCentre for Horticultural Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, AustraliaCentre for Horticultural Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, AustraliaCentre for Horticultural Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, AustraliaThe Australasian biogeographic realm is a major centre of diversity for orchids, with every subfamily of the Orchidaceae represented and high levels of endemism at the species rank. It is hypothesised that there is a commensurate diversity of viruses infecting this group of plants. In this study, we have utilised high-throughput sequencing to survey for viruses infecting greenhood orchids (Pterostylidinae) in New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory. The main aim of this study was to characterise Pterostylis blotch virus (PtBV), a previously reported but uncharacterised virus that had been tentatively classified in the genus <i>Orthotospovirus</i>. This classification was confirmed by genome sequencing, and phylogenetic analyses suggested that PtBV is representative of a new species that is possibly indigenous to Australia as it does not belong to either the American or Eurasian clades of orthotospoviruses. Apart from PtBV, putative new viruses in the genera <i>Alphaendornavirus</i>, <i>Amalgavirus</i>, <i>Polerovirus</i> and <i>Totivirus</i> were discovered, and complete genome sequences were obtained for each virus. It is concluded that the polerovirus is likely an example of an introduced virus infecting a native plant species in its natural habitat, as this virus is probably vectored by an aphid, and Australia has a depauperate native aphid fauna that does not include any species that are host-adapted to orchids.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/14/2/365native vegetationdiseasesurveillancevirus discoverycryptic virusmycovirus |
| spellingShingle | Hsu-Yao Chao Mark A. Clements Anne M. Mackenzie Ralf G. Dietzgen John E. Thomas Andrew D. W. Geering Viruses Infecting Greenhood Orchids (Pterostylidinae) in Eastern Australia Viruses native vegetation disease surveillance virus discovery cryptic virus mycovirus |
| title | Viruses Infecting Greenhood Orchids (Pterostylidinae) in Eastern Australia |
| title_full | Viruses Infecting Greenhood Orchids (Pterostylidinae) in Eastern Australia |
| title_fullStr | Viruses Infecting Greenhood Orchids (Pterostylidinae) in Eastern Australia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Viruses Infecting Greenhood Orchids (Pterostylidinae) in Eastern Australia |
| title_short | Viruses Infecting Greenhood Orchids (Pterostylidinae) in Eastern Australia |
| title_sort | viruses infecting greenhood orchids pterostylidinae in eastern australia |
| topic | native vegetation disease surveillance virus discovery cryptic virus mycovirus |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/14/2/365 |
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