Molecular Genetics and Cytotoxic Responses to Titanium Diboride and Zinc Borate Nanoparticles on Cultured Human Primary Alveolar Epithelial Cells
Titanium diboride (TiB<sub>2</sub>) and zinc borate (Zn<sub>3</sub>BO<sub>6</sub>) have been utilized in wide spectrum industrial areas because of their favorable properties such as a high melting point, good wear resistance, high hardness and thermal conductivity...
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2022-03-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/7/2359 |
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| author | Hasan Türkez Mehmet Enes Arslan Arzu Tatar Özlem Özdemir Erdal Sönmez Kenan Çadirci Ahmet Hacimüftüoğlu Bahattin Ceylan Metin Açikyildiz Cigdem Yuce Kahraman Fatime Geyikoğlu Abdulgani Tatar Adil Mardinoglu |
| author_facet | Hasan Türkez Mehmet Enes Arslan Arzu Tatar Özlem Özdemir Erdal Sönmez Kenan Çadirci Ahmet Hacimüftüoğlu Bahattin Ceylan Metin Açikyildiz Cigdem Yuce Kahraman Fatime Geyikoğlu Abdulgani Tatar Adil Mardinoglu |
| author_sort | Hasan Türkez |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Titanium diboride (TiB<sub>2</sub>) and zinc borate (Zn<sub>3</sub>BO<sub>6</sub>) have been utilized in wide spectrum industrial areas because of their favorable properties such as a high melting point, good wear resistance, high hardness and thermal conductivity. On the other hand, the biomedical potentials of TiB<sub>2</sub> and Zn<sub>3</sub>BO<sub>6</sub> are still unknown because there is no comprehensive analysis that uncovers their biocompatibility features. Thus, the toxicogenomic properties of TiB<sub>2</sub> and Zn<sub>3</sub>BO<sub>6</sub> nanoparticles (NPs) were investigated on human primary alveolar epithelial cell cultures (HPAEpiC) by using different cell viability assays and microarray analyses. Protein-Protein Interaction Networks Functional Enrichment Analysis (STRING) was used to associate differentially expressed gene probes. According to the results, up to 10 mg/L concentration of TiB<sub>2</sub> and Zn<sub>3</sub>BO<sub>6</sub> NPs application did not stimulate a cytotoxic effect on the HPAEpiC cell cultures. Microarray analysis revealed that TiB<sub>2</sub> NPs exposure enhances cellular adhesion molecules, proteases and carrier protein expression. Furthermore, Zn<sub>3</sub>BO<sub>6</sub> NPs caused differential gene expressions in the cell cycle, cell division and extracellular matrix regulators. Finally, STRING analyses put forth that inflammation, cell regeneration and tissue repair-related gene interactions were affected by TiB<sub>2</sub> NPs application. Zn<sub>3</sub>BO<sub>6</sub> NPs exposure significantly altered inflammation, lipid metabolism and infection response activator-related gene interactions. These investigations illustrated that TiB<sub>2</sub> and Zn<sub>3</sub>BO<sub>6</sub> NPs exposure may affect different aspects of cellular machineries such as immunogenic responses, tissue regeneration and cell survival. Thus, these types of cellular mechanisms should be taken into account before the use of the related NPs in further biomedical applications. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:40:54Z |
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| id | doaj.art-11842441c5c641b9b2ce07832bb1554d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:40:54Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
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| series | Materials |
| spelling | doaj.art-11842441c5c641b9b2ce07832bb1554d2023-11-30T23:31:03ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442022-03-01157235910.3390/ma15072359Molecular Genetics and Cytotoxic Responses to Titanium Diboride and Zinc Borate Nanoparticles on Cultured Human Primary Alveolar Epithelial CellsHasan Türkez0Mehmet Enes Arslan1Arzu Tatar2Özlem Özdemir3Erdal Sönmez4Kenan Çadirci5Ahmet Hacimüftüoğlu6Bahattin Ceylan7Metin Açikyildiz8Cigdem Yuce Kahraman9Fatime Geyikoğlu10Abdulgani Tatar11Adil Mardinoglu12Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, TurkeyDepartment of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Erzurum Technical University, 25240 Erzurum, TurkeyDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, TurkeyDepartment of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Erzurum Technical University, 25240 Erzurum, TurkeyAdvanced Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Nanoscience & Nanoengineering, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, TurkeyDepartment of Internal Medicine, Erzurum Regional Training and Research Hospital, Health Sciences University, 25240 Erzurum, TurkeyDepartment of Medical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, TurkeyDepartment of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, TurkeyDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Art, Kilis 7 Aralık University, 79000 Kilis, TurkeyDepartment of Medical Genetics, Medical Faculty, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, TurkeyDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, TurkeyDepartment of Medical Genetics, Medical Faculty, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, TurkeyScience for Life Laboratory, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, SE-17121 Stockholm, SwedenTitanium diboride (TiB<sub>2</sub>) and zinc borate (Zn<sub>3</sub>BO<sub>6</sub>) have been utilized in wide spectrum industrial areas because of their favorable properties such as a high melting point, good wear resistance, high hardness and thermal conductivity. On the other hand, the biomedical potentials of TiB<sub>2</sub> and Zn<sub>3</sub>BO<sub>6</sub> are still unknown because there is no comprehensive analysis that uncovers their biocompatibility features. Thus, the toxicogenomic properties of TiB<sub>2</sub> and Zn<sub>3</sub>BO<sub>6</sub> nanoparticles (NPs) were investigated on human primary alveolar epithelial cell cultures (HPAEpiC) by using different cell viability assays and microarray analyses. Protein-Protein Interaction Networks Functional Enrichment Analysis (STRING) was used to associate differentially expressed gene probes. According to the results, up to 10 mg/L concentration of TiB<sub>2</sub> and Zn<sub>3</sub>BO<sub>6</sub> NPs application did not stimulate a cytotoxic effect on the HPAEpiC cell cultures. Microarray analysis revealed that TiB<sub>2</sub> NPs exposure enhances cellular adhesion molecules, proteases and carrier protein expression. Furthermore, Zn<sub>3</sub>BO<sub>6</sub> NPs caused differential gene expressions in the cell cycle, cell division and extracellular matrix regulators. Finally, STRING analyses put forth that inflammation, cell regeneration and tissue repair-related gene interactions were affected by TiB<sub>2</sub> NPs application. Zn<sub>3</sub>BO<sub>6</sub> NPs exposure significantly altered inflammation, lipid metabolism and infection response activator-related gene interactions. These investigations illustrated that TiB<sub>2</sub> and Zn<sub>3</sub>BO<sub>6</sub> NPs exposure may affect different aspects of cellular machineries such as immunogenic responses, tissue regeneration and cell survival. Thus, these types of cellular mechanisms should be taken into account before the use of the related NPs in further biomedical applications.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/7/2359titanium diboridezinc boratenanoparticlesin vitrohuman primary alveolar epithelial cell culturestoxicogenomic responses |
| spellingShingle | Hasan Türkez Mehmet Enes Arslan Arzu Tatar Özlem Özdemir Erdal Sönmez Kenan Çadirci Ahmet Hacimüftüoğlu Bahattin Ceylan Metin Açikyildiz Cigdem Yuce Kahraman Fatime Geyikoğlu Abdulgani Tatar Adil Mardinoglu Molecular Genetics and Cytotoxic Responses to Titanium Diboride and Zinc Borate Nanoparticles on Cultured Human Primary Alveolar Epithelial Cells Materials titanium diboride zinc borate nanoparticles in vitro human primary alveolar epithelial cell cultures toxicogenomic responses |
| title | Molecular Genetics and Cytotoxic Responses to Titanium Diboride and Zinc Borate Nanoparticles on Cultured Human Primary Alveolar Epithelial Cells |
| title_full | Molecular Genetics and Cytotoxic Responses to Titanium Diboride and Zinc Borate Nanoparticles on Cultured Human Primary Alveolar Epithelial Cells |
| title_fullStr | Molecular Genetics and Cytotoxic Responses to Titanium Diboride and Zinc Borate Nanoparticles on Cultured Human Primary Alveolar Epithelial Cells |
| title_full_unstemmed | Molecular Genetics and Cytotoxic Responses to Titanium Diboride and Zinc Borate Nanoparticles on Cultured Human Primary Alveolar Epithelial Cells |
| title_short | Molecular Genetics and Cytotoxic Responses to Titanium Diboride and Zinc Borate Nanoparticles on Cultured Human Primary Alveolar Epithelial Cells |
| title_sort | molecular genetics and cytotoxic responses to titanium diboride and zinc borate nanoparticles on cultured human primary alveolar epithelial cells |
| topic | titanium diboride zinc borate nanoparticles in vitro human primary alveolar epithelial cell cultures toxicogenomic responses |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/7/2359 |
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