From Feasting to Fasting: The Arginine Pathway as a Metabolic Switch in Nitrogen-Deprived <i>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</i>
The metabolism of the model microalgae <i>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</i> under nitrogen deprivation is of special interest due to its resulting increment of triacylglycerols (TAGs), that can be applied in biotechnological applications. However, this same condition impairs cell growth, whi...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-05-01
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| Series: | Cells |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/12/10/1379 |
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| author | Lucca de Filipe Rebocho Monteiro Laís Albuquerque Giraldi Flavia Vischi Winck |
| author_facet | Lucca de Filipe Rebocho Monteiro Laís Albuquerque Giraldi Flavia Vischi Winck |
| author_sort | Lucca de Filipe Rebocho Monteiro |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The metabolism of the model microalgae <i>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</i> under nitrogen deprivation is of special interest due to its resulting increment of triacylglycerols (TAGs), that can be applied in biotechnological applications. However, this same condition impairs cell growth, which may limit the microalgae’s large applications. Several studies have identified significant physiological and molecular changes that occur during the transition from an abundant to a low or absent nitrogen supply, explaining in detail the differences in the proteome, metabolome and transcriptome of the cells that may be responsible for and responsive to this condition. However, there are still some intriguing questions that reside in the core of the regulation of these cellular responses that make this process even more interesting and complex. In this scenario, we reviewed the main metabolic pathways that are involved in the response, mining and exploring, through a reanalysis of omics data from previously published datasets, the commonalities among the responses and unraveling unexplained or non-explored mechanisms of the possible regulatory aspects of the response. Proteomics, metabolomics and transcriptomics data were reanalysed using a common strategy, and an in silico gene promoter motif analysis was performed. Together, these results identified and suggested a strong association between the metabolism of amino acids, especially arginine, glutamate and ornithine pathways to the production of TAGs, via the de novo synthesis of lipids. Furthermore, our analysis and data mining indicate that signalling cascades orchestrated with the indirect participation of phosphorylation, nitrosylation and peroxidation events may be essential to the process. The amino acid pathways and the amount of arginine and ornithine available in the cells, at least transiently during nitrogen deprivation, may be in the core of the post-transcriptional, metabolic regulation of this complex phenomenon. Their further exploration is important to the discovery of novel advances in the understanding of microalgae lipids’ production. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:51:21Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-11846e1989ae4cee94e4bd79710a6f18 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4409 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:51:21Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cells |
| spelling | doaj.art-11846e1989ae4cee94e4bd79710a6f182023-11-18T00:52:44ZengMDPI AGCells2073-44092023-05-011210137910.3390/cells12101379From Feasting to Fasting: The Arginine Pathway as a Metabolic Switch in Nitrogen-Deprived <i>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</i>Lucca de Filipe Rebocho Monteiro0Laís Albuquerque Giraldi1Flavia Vischi Winck2Laboratory of Regulatory Systems Biology, Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba 13416-000, BrazilLaboratory of Regulatory Systems Biology, Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba 13416-000, BrazilLaboratory of Regulatory Systems Biology, Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba 13416-000, BrazilThe metabolism of the model microalgae <i>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</i> under nitrogen deprivation is of special interest due to its resulting increment of triacylglycerols (TAGs), that can be applied in biotechnological applications. However, this same condition impairs cell growth, which may limit the microalgae’s large applications. Several studies have identified significant physiological and molecular changes that occur during the transition from an abundant to a low or absent nitrogen supply, explaining in detail the differences in the proteome, metabolome and transcriptome of the cells that may be responsible for and responsive to this condition. However, there are still some intriguing questions that reside in the core of the regulation of these cellular responses that make this process even more interesting and complex. In this scenario, we reviewed the main metabolic pathways that are involved in the response, mining and exploring, through a reanalysis of omics data from previously published datasets, the commonalities among the responses and unraveling unexplained or non-explored mechanisms of the possible regulatory aspects of the response. Proteomics, metabolomics and transcriptomics data were reanalysed using a common strategy, and an in silico gene promoter motif analysis was performed. Together, these results identified and suggested a strong association between the metabolism of amino acids, especially arginine, glutamate and ornithine pathways to the production of TAGs, via the de novo synthesis of lipids. Furthermore, our analysis and data mining indicate that signalling cascades orchestrated with the indirect participation of phosphorylation, nitrosylation and peroxidation events may be essential to the process. The amino acid pathways and the amount of arginine and ornithine available in the cells, at least transiently during nitrogen deprivation, may be in the core of the post-transcriptional, metabolic regulation of this complex phenomenon. Their further exploration is important to the discovery of novel advances in the understanding of microalgae lipids’ production.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/12/10/1379systems biologyregulationamino acidsbiomassargininenitric oxide |
| spellingShingle | Lucca de Filipe Rebocho Monteiro Laís Albuquerque Giraldi Flavia Vischi Winck From Feasting to Fasting: The Arginine Pathway as a Metabolic Switch in Nitrogen-Deprived <i>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</i> Cells systems biology regulation amino acids biomass arginine nitric oxide |
| title | From Feasting to Fasting: The Arginine Pathway as a Metabolic Switch in Nitrogen-Deprived <i>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</i> |
| title_full | From Feasting to Fasting: The Arginine Pathway as a Metabolic Switch in Nitrogen-Deprived <i>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</i> |
| title_fullStr | From Feasting to Fasting: The Arginine Pathway as a Metabolic Switch in Nitrogen-Deprived <i>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | From Feasting to Fasting: The Arginine Pathway as a Metabolic Switch in Nitrogen-Deprived <i>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</i> |
| title_short | From Feasting to Fasting: The Arginine Pathway as a Metabolic Switch in Nitrogen-Deprived <i>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</i> |
| title_sort | from feasting to fasting the arginine pathway as a metabolic switch in nitrogen deprived i chlamydomonas reinhardtii i |
| topic | systems biology regulation amino acids biomass arginine nitric oxide |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/12/10/1379 |
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