Phytochemical Analysis and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Different Ethanolic Phyto-Extracts of <i>Artemisia annua</i> L.
<i>Artemisia annua</i> L. (AA) has shown for many centuries important therapeutic virtues associated with the presence of artemisinin (ART). The aim of this study was to identify and quantify ART and other secondary metabolites in ethanolic extracts of AA and evaluate the biological acti...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-07-01
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| Series: | Biomolecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/11/7/975 |
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| author | Giulia Abate Leilei Zhang Mariachiara Pucci Giulia Morbini Eileen Mac Sweeney Giuseppina Maccarinelli Giovanni Ribaudo Alessandra Gianoncelli Daniela Uberti Maurizio Memo Luigi Lucini Andrea Mastinu |
| author_facet | Giulia Abate Leilei Zhang Mariachiara Pucci Giulia Morbini Eileen Mac Sweeney Giuseppina Maccarinelli Giovanni Ribaudo Alessandra Gianoncelli Daniela Uberti Maurizio Memo Luigi Lucini Andrea Mastinu |
| author_sort | Giulia Abate |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Artemisia annua</i> L. (AA) has shown for many centuries important therapeutic virtues associated with the presence of artemisinin (ART). The aim of this study was to identify and quantify ART and other secondary metabolites in ethanolic extracts of AA and evaluate the biological activity in the presence of an inflammatory stimulus. In this work, after the extraction of the aerial parts of AA with different concentrations of ethanol, ART was quantified by HPLC and HPLC-MS. In addition, anthocyanins, flavanols, flavanones, flavonols, lignans, low-molecular-weight phenolics, phenolic acids, stilbenes, and terpenes were identified and semi-quantitatively determined by UHPLC-QTOF-MS untargeted metabolomics. Finally, the viability of human neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y) was evaluated in the presence of the different ethanolic extracts and in the presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The results show that ART is more concentrated in AA samples extracted with 90% ethanol. Regarding the other metabolites, only the anthocyanins are more concentrated in the samples extracted with 90% ethanol. Finally, ART and all AA samples showed a protective action towards the pro-inflammatory stimulus of LPS. In particular, the anti-inflammatory effect of the leaf extract of AA with 90% ethanol was also confirmed at the molecular level since a reduction in TNF-α mRNA gene expression was observed in SH-SY5Y treated with LPS. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:44:40Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1184b7aff1994896bdcbbe9bd3d42362 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2218-273X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:44:40Z |
| publishDate | 2021-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biomolecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-1184b7aff1994896bdcbbe9bd3d423622023-11-22T03:18:07ZengMDPI AGBiomolecules2218-273X2021-07-0111797510.3390/biom11070975Phytochemical Analysis and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Different Ethanolic Phyto-Extracts of <i>Artemisia annua</i> L.Giulia Abate0Leilei Zhang1Mariachiara Pucci2Giulia Morbini3Eileen Mac Sweeney4Giuseppina Maccarinelli5Giovanni Ribaudo6Alessandra Gianoncelli7Daniela Uberti8Maurizio Memo9Luigi Lucini10Andrea Mastinu11Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Division of Pharmacology, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, ItalyDepartment for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, ItalyDepartment of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Division of Pharmacology, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, ItalyDepartment of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Division of Pharmacology, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, ItalyDepartment of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Division of Pharmacology, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, ItalyDepartment of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Division of Pharmacology, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, ItalyDepartment of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Division of Pharmacology, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, ItalyDepartment of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Division of Pharmacology, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, ItalyDepartment of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Division of Pharmacology, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, ItalyDepartment of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Division of Pharmacology, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, ItalyDepartment for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, ItalyDepartment of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Division of Pharmacology, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy<i>Artemisia annua</i> L. (AA) has shown for many centuries important therapeutic virtues associated with the presence of artemisinin (ART). The aim of this study was to identify and quantify ART and other secondary metabolites in ethanolic extracts of AA and evaluate the biological activity in the presence of an inflammatory stimulus. In this work, after the extraction of the aerial parts of AA with different concentrations of ethanol, ART was quantified by HPLC and HPLC-MS. In addition, anthocyanins, flavanols, flavanones, flavonols, lignans, low-molecular-weight phenolics, phenolic acids, stilbenes, and terpenes were identified and semi-quantitatively determined by UHPLC-QTOF-MS untargeted metabolomics. Finally, the viability of human neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y) was evaluated in the presence of the different ethanolic extracts and in the presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The results show that ART is more concentrated in AA samples extracted with 90% ethanol. Regarding the other metabolites, only the anthocyanins are more concentrated in the samples extracted with 90% ethanol. Finally, ART and all AA samples showed a protective action towards the pro-inflammatory stimulus of LPS. In particular, the anti-inflammatory effect of the leaf extract of AA with 90% ethanol was also confirmed at the molecular level since a reduction in TNF-α mRNA gene expression was observed in SH-SY5Y treated with LPS.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/11/7/975<i>Artemisia annua</i> L.artemisininphenolic compoundsterpenoidsTNF-α |
| spellingShingle | Giulia Abate Leilei Zhang Mariachiara Pucci Giulia Morbini Eileen Mac Sweeney Giuseppina Maccarinelli Giovanni Ribaudo Alessandra Gianoncelli Daniela Uberti Maurizio Memo Luigi Lucini Andrea Mastinu Phytochemical Analysis and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Different Ethanolic Phyto-Extracts of <i>Artemisia annua</i> L. Biomolecules <i>Artemisia annua</i> L. artemisinin phenolic compounds terpenoids TNF-α |
| title | Phytochemical Analysis and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Different Ethanolic Phyto-Extracts of <i>Artemisia annua</i> L. |
| title_full | Phytochemical Analysis and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Different Ethanolic Phyto-Extracts of <i>Artemisia annua</i> L. |
| title_fullStr | Phytochemical Analysis and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Different Ethanolic Phyto-Extracts of <i>Artemisia annua</i> L. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Phytochemical Analysis and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Different Ethanolic Phyto-Extracts of <i>Artemisia annua</i> L. |
| title_short | Phytochemical Analysis and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Different Ethanolic Phyto-Extracts of <i>Artemisia annua</i> L. |
| title_sort | phytochemical analysis and anti inflammatory activity of different ethanolic phyto extracts of i artemisia annua i l |
| topic | <i>Artemisia annua</i> L. artemisinin phenolic compounds terpenoids TNF-α |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/11/7/975 |
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