Gut feelings: the relations between depression, anxiety, psychotropic drugs and the gut microbiome
ABSTRACTThe gut microbiome is involved in the bi-directional relationship of the gut – brain axis. As most studies of this relationship are small and do not account for use of psychotropic drugs (PTDs), we explored the relations of the gut microbiome with several internalizing disorders, while adjus...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Taylor & Francis Group
2023-12-01
|
| Series: | Gut Microbes |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/19490976.2023.2281360 |
| _version_ | 1797320535640637440 |
|---|---|
| author | S. Brushett R. Gacesa A. Vich Vila M.F. Brandao Gois S. Andreu-Sánchez J.C. Swarte M.A.Y. Klaassen V. Collij T. Sinha L.A. Bolte J. Wu M. Swertz M.L.A. de Kroon S.A. Reijneveld C. Wijmenga R.K. Weersma J. Fu H.M. van Loo A. Kurilshikov A. Zhernakova |
| author_facet | S. Brushett R. Gacesa A. Vich Vila M.F. Brandao Gois S. Andreu-Sánchez J.C. Swarte M.A.Y. Klaassen V. Collij T. Sinha L.A. Bolte J. Wu M. Swertz M.L.A. de Kroon S.A. Reijneveld C. Wijmenga R.K. Weersma J. Fu H.M. van Loo A. Kurilshikov A. Zhernakova |
| author_sort | S. Brushett |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | ABSTRACTThe gut microbiome is involved in the bi-directional relationship of the gut – brain axis. As most studies of this relationship are small and do not account for use of psychotropic drugs (PTDs), we explored the relations of the gut microbiome with several internalizing disorders, while adjusting for PTDs and other relevant medications, in 7,656 Lifelines participants from the Northern Netherlands (5,522 controls and 491 participants with at least one internalizing disorder). Disorders included dysthymia, major depressive disorder (MDD), any depressive disorder (AnyDep: dysthymia or MDD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and any anxiety disorder (AnyAnx: GAD, social phobia and panic disorder). Compared to controls, 17 species were associated with depressive disorders and 3 were associated with anxiety disorders. Around 90% of these associations remained significant (FDR <0.05) after adjustment for PTD use, suggesting that the disorders, not PTD use, drove these associations. Negative associations were observed for the butyrate-producing bacteria Ruminococcus bromii in participants with AnyDep and for Bifidobacterium bifidum in AnyAnx participants, along with many others. Tryptophan and glutamate synthesis modules and the 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic acid synthesis module (related to dopamine metabolism) were negatively associated with MDD and/or dysthymia. After additional adjustment for functional gastrointestinal disorders and irritable bowel syndrome, these relations remained either statistically (FDR <0.05) or nominally (P < 0.05) significant. Overall, multiple bacterial species and functional modules were associated with internalizing disorders, including gut – brain relevant components, while associations to PTD use were moderate. These findings suggest that internalizing disorders rather than PTDs are associated with gut microbiome differences relative to controls. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T04:40:32Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1187a71222e34de09784e1e9847b46cb |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1949-0976 1949-0984 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T04:40:32Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | Taylor & Francis Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Gut Microbes |
| spelling | doaj.art-1187a71222e34de09784e1e9847b46cb2024-02-08T12:02:08ZengTaylor & Francis GroupGut Microbes1949-09761949-09842023-12-0115210.1080/19490976.2023.2281360Gut feelings: the relations between depression, anxiety, psychotropic drugs and the gut microbiomeS. Brushett0R. Gacesa1A. Vich Vila2M.F. Brandao Gois3S. Andreu-Sánchez4J.C. Swarte5M.A.Y. Klaassen6V. Collij7T. Sinha8L.A. Bolte9J. Wu10M. Swertz11M.L.A. de Kroon12S.A. Reijneveld13C. Wijmenga14R.K. Weersma15J. Fu16H.M. van Loo17A. Kurilshikov18A. Zhernakova19Department of Genetics, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The NetherlandsDepartment of Genetics, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The NetherlandsDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Leuven, BelgiumDepartment of Genetics, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The NetherlandsDepartment of Genetics, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The NetherlandsDepartment of Genetics, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The NetherlandsDepartment of Genetics, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The NetherlandsDepartment of Genetics, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The NetherlandsDepartment of Genetics, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The NetherlandsDepartment of Genetics, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The NetherlandsDepartment of Genetics, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The NetherlandsDepartment of Genetics, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The NetherlandsDepartment of Health Sciences, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The NetherlandsDepartment of Health Sciences, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The NetherlandsDepartment of Genetics, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The NetherlandsDepartment of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The NetherlandsDepartment of Genetics, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The NetherlandsDepartment of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion regulation, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The NetherlandsDepartment of Genetics, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The NetherlandsDepartment of Genetics, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The NetherlandsABSTRACTThe gut microbiome is involved in the bi-directional relationship of the gut – brain axis. As most studies of this relationship are small and do not account for use of psychotropic drugs (PTDs), we explored the relations of the gut microbiome with several internalizing disorders, while adjusting for PTDs and other relevant medications, in 7,656 Lifelines participants from the Northern Netherlands (5,522 controls and 491 participants with at least one internalizing disorder). Disorders included dysthymia, major depressive disorder (MDD), any depressive disorder (AnyDep: dysthymia or MDD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and any anxiety disorder (AnyAnx: GAD, social phobia and panic disorder). Compared to controls, 17 species were associated with depressive disorders and 3 were associated with anxiety disorders. Around 90% of these associations remained significant (FDR <0.05) after adjustment for PTD use, suggesting that the disorders, not PTD use, drove these associations. Negative associations were observed for the butyrate-producing bacteria Ruminococcus bromii in participants with AnyDep and for Bifidobacterium bifidum in AnyAnx participants, along with many others. Tryptophan and glutamate synthesis modules and the 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic acid synthesis module (related to dopamine metabolism) were negatively associated with MDD and/or dysthymia. After additional adjustment for functional gastrointestinal disorders and irritable bowel syndrome, these relations remained either statistically (FDR <0.05) or nominally (P < 0.05) significant. Overall, multiple bacterial species and functional modules were associated with internalizing disorders, including gut – brain relevant components, while associations to PTD use were moderate. These findings suggest that internalizing disorders rather than PTDs are associated with gut microbiome differences relative to controls.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/19490976.2023.2281360gut-brain axisgut microbiomeinternalizing disordersmajor depressive disorderdysthymiageneralized anxiety disorder |
| spellingShingle | S. Brushett R. Gacesa A. Vich Vila M.F. Brandao Gois S. Andreu-Sánchez J.C. Swarte M.A.Y. Klaassen V. Collij T. Sinha L.A. Bolte J. Wu M. Swertz M.L.A. de Kroon S.A. Reijneveld C. Wijmenga R.K. Weersma J. Fu H.M. van Loo A. Kurilshikov A. Zhernakova Gut feelings: the relations between depression, anxiety, psychotropic drugs and the gut microbiome Gut Microbes gut-brain axis gut microbiome internalizing disorders major depressive disorder dysthymia generalized anxiety disorder |
| title | Gut feelings: the relations between depression, anxiety, psychotropic drugs and the gut microbiome |
| title_full | Gut feelings: the relations between depression, anxiety, psychotropic drugs and the gut microbiome |
| title_fullStr | Gut feelings: the relations between depression, anxiety, psychotropic drugs and the gut microbiome |
| title_full_unstemmed | Gut feelings: the relations between depression, anxiety, psychotropic drugs and the gut microbiome |
| title_short | Gut feelings: the relations between depression, anxiety, psychotropic drugs and the gut microbiome |
| title_sort | gut feelings the relations between depression anxiety psychotropic drugs and the gut microbiome |
| topic | gut-brain axis gut microbiome internalizing disorders major depressive disorder dysthymia generalized anxiety disorder |
| url | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/19490976.2023.2281360 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT sbrushett gutfeelingstherelationsbetweendepressionanxietypsychotropicdrugsandthegutmicrobiome AT rgacesa gutfeelingstherelationsbetweendepressionanxietypsychotropicdrugsandthegutmicrobiome AT avichvila gutfeelingstherelationsbetweendepressionanxietypsychotropicdrugsandthegutmicrobiome AT mfbrandaogois gutfeelingstherelationsbetweendepressionanxietypsychotropicdrugsandthegutmicrobiome AT sandreusanchez gutfeelingstherelationsbetweendepressionanxietypsychotropicdrugsandthegutmicrobiome AT jcswarte gutfeelingstherelationsbetweendepressionanxietypsychotropicdrugsandthegutmicrobiome AT mayklaassen gutfeelingstherelationsbetweendepressionanxietypsychotropicdrugsandthegutmicrobiome AT vcollij gutfeelingstherelationsbetweendepressionanxietypsychotropicdrugsandthegutmicrobiome AT tsinha gutfeelingstherelationsbetweendepressionanxietypsychotropicdrugsandthegutmicrobiome AT labolte gutfeelingstherelationsbetweendepressionanxietypsychotropicdrugsandthegutmicrobiome AT jwu gutfeelingstherelationsbetweendepressionanxietypsychotropicdrugsandthegutmicrobiome AT mswertz gutfeelingstherelationsbetweendepressionanxietypsychotropicdrugsandthegutmicrobiome AT mladekroon gutfeelingstherelationsbetweendepressionanxietypsychotropicdrugsandthegutmicrobiome AT sareijneveld gutfeelingstherelationsbetweendepressionanxietypsychotropicdrugsandthegutmicrobiome AT cwijmenga gutfeelingstherelationsbetweendepressionanxietypsychotropicdrugsandthegutmicrobiome AT rkweersma gutfeelingstherelationsbetweendepressionanxietypsychotropicdrugsandthegutmicrobiome AT jfu gutfeelingstherelationsbetweendepressionanxietypsychotropicdrugsandthegutmicrobiome AT hmvanloo gutfeelingstherelationsbetweendepressionanxietypsychotropicdrugsandthegutmicrobiome AT akurilshikov gutfeelingstherelationsbetweendepressionanxietypsychotropicdrugsandthegutmicrobiome AT azhernakova gutfeelingstherelationsbetweendepressionanxietypsychotropicdrugsandthegutmicrobiome |