Development of HPLC Determination Method for Trace Levels of 1-, 2-Nitropyrenes and 2-Nitrofluoranthene in Airborne Particulates and Its Application to Samples Collected at Noto Peninsula
1-Nitropyrene (1-NP), 2-NP and 2-nitrofluoranthene (2-NFR) are useful markers for studying the atmospheric behaviors of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and nitropolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (NPAHs). However, present methods for measuring trace levels of these compounds are less-sensitive...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Springer
2011-09-01
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| Series: | Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment |
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| Online Access: | http://www.asianjae.org/_common/do.php?a=full&b=11&bidx=1581&aidx=19941 |
| _version_ | 1797706364757213184 |
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| author | Kazuichi Hayakawa Ning Tang Kosuke Sato Akihiko Izaki Michiya Tatematsu Hirotaka Hama Ying Li Takayuki Kameda Akira Toriba |
| author_facet | Kazuichi Hayakawa Ning Tang Kosuke Sato Akihiko Izaki Michiya Tatematsu Hirotaka Hama Ying Li Takayuki Kameda Akira Toriba |
| author_sort | Kazuichi Hayakawa |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | 1-Nitropyrene (1-NP), 2-NP and 2-nitrofluoranthene (2-NFR) are useful markers for studying the atmospheric behaviors of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and nitropolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (NPAHs). However, present methods for measuring trace levels of these compounds are less-sensitive and laborious. Here we describe several improvements to a previously reported high-performance liquid chromatography-chemiluminescence detection system that allows it to determine trace levels of 1-, 2-NPs and 2-NFR. The proposed system was equipped with a reducer column packed with Pt/Rh instead of zinc whose life-time was limited. The combination of Cosmosil MS-II (monomeric ODS) and AR-II (polymeric ODS) columns was used instead of polymeric ODS columns as the separator column to improve the separation. An ethanol mixture with acetate buffer (pH 5.5) was used in place of an acetonitrile mixture with the same buffer to activate the reducer column. The same ethanol mixture was used as the mobile phase for the clean-up column. The switching time of the column switching valve was optimized to concentrate the amino-derivatives of above NPAHs quantitatively on the concentrator column. The concentrations of bis(2,4,6-trichlorophenly) oxalate and hydrogen peroxide in the chemiluminescence reagent solution were optimized to 0.4 mM and 30 mM, respectively, to increase the sensitivity. Under the above conditions, the detection limits (S/N=3) of 1-, 2-NPs and 2-NFR were 1 fmol (0.25 pg), 10 fmol (2.5 pg) and 4 fmol (1 pg), respectively. The proposed system was effectively used to determine trace levels of 1-, 2-NPs and 2-NFR in airborne particulates collected at Noto Peninsula. The atmospheric concentrations of 1-, 2-NPs and 2-NFR were not more than sub pg m-3 levels. They were higher in winter (January) than in summer (July). In both seasons, the concentrations were in decreasing order, [2-NFR]>[1-NP]>[2-NP]. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T05:50:10Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-119c7b94a5134d0c961fa0a37ff22ec7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1976-6912 2287-1160 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T05:50:10Z |
| publishDate | 2011-09-01 |
| publisher | Springer |
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| series | Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment |
| spelling | doaj.art-119c7b94a5134d0c961fa0a37ff22ec72023-09-03T05:09:39ZengSpringerAsian Journal of Atmospheric Environment1976-69122287-11602011-09-015314615110.5572/ajae.2011.5.3.146Development of HPLC Determination Method for Trace Levels of 1-, 2-Nitropyrenes and 2-Nitrofluoranthene in Airborne Particulates and Its Application to Samples Collected at Noto PeninsulaKazuichi Hayakawa0Ning Tang1Kosuke Sato2Akihiko Izaki3Michiya Tatematsu4Hirotaka Hama5Ying Li6Takayuki Kameda7 Akira Toriba8Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, JapanInstitute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, JapanInstitute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, JapanInstitute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, JapanInstitute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, JapanInstitute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, JapanKazuichi Hayakawa* ; Ning Tang ; Kosuke Sato ; Akihiko Izaki ; Michiya Tatematsu ; Hirotaka Hama ; Ying Li ; Takayuki Kameda ; Akira ToribaInstitute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, JapanInstitute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan1-Nitropyrene (1-NP), 2-NP and 2-nitrofluoranthene (2-NFR) are useful markers for studying the atmospheric behaviors of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and nitropolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (NPAHs). However, present methods for measuring trace levels of these compounds are less-sensitive and laborious. Here we describe several improvements to a previously reported high-performance liquid chromatography-chemiluminescence detection system that allows it to determine trace levels of 1-, 2-NPs and 2-NFR. The proposed system was equipped with a reducer column packed with Pt/Rh instead of zinc whose life-time was limited. The combination of Cosmosil MS-II (monomeric ODS) and AR-II (polymeric ODS) columns was used instead of polymeric ODS columns as the separator column to improve the separation. An ethanol mixture with acetate buffer (pH 5.5) was used in place of an acetonitrile mixture with the same buffer to activate the reducer column. The same ethanol mixture was used as the mobile phase for the clean-up column. The switching time of the column switching valve was optimized to concentrate the amino-derivatives of above NPAHs quantitatively on the concentrator column. The concentrations of bis(2,4,6-trichlorophenly) oxalate and hydrogen peroxide in the chemiluminescence reagent solution were optimized to 0.4 mM and 30 mM, respectively, to increase the sensitivity. Under the above conditions, the detection limits (S/N=3) of 1-, 2-NPs and 2-NFR were 1 fmol (0.25 pg), 10 fmol (2.5 pg) and 4 fmol (1 pg), respectively. The proposed system was effectively used to determine trace levels of 1-, 2-NPs and 2-NFR in airborne particulates collected at Noto Peninsula. The atmospheric concentrations of 1-, 2-NPs and 2-NFR were not more than sub pg m-3 levels. They were higher in winter (January) than in summer (July). In both seasons, the concentrations were in decreasing order, [2-NFR]>[1-NP]>[2-NP].http://www.asianjae.org/_common/do.php?a=full&b=11&bidx=1581&aidx=199411-nitropyrene2-nitropyrene2-nitrofluoranthenetrace analysisairborne particulate matter |
| spellingShingle | Kazuichi Hayakawa Ning Tang Kosuke Sato Akihiko Izaki Michiya Tatematsu Hirotaka Hama Ying Li Takayuki Kameda Akira Toriba Development of HPLC Determination Method for Trace Levels of 1-, 2-Nitropyrenes and 2-Nitrofluoranthene in Airborne Particulates and Its Application to Samples Collected at Noto Peninsula Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment 1-nitropyrene 2-nitropyrene 2-nitrofluoranthene trace analysis airborne particulate matter |
| title | Development of HPLC Determination Method for Trace Levels of 1-, 2-Nitropyrenes and 2-Nitrofluoranthene in Airborne Particulates and Its Application to Samples Collected at Noto Peninsula |
| title_full | Development of HPLC Determination Method for Trace Levels of 1-, 2-Nitropyrenes and 2-Nitrofluoranthene in Airborne Particulates and Its Application to Samples Collected at Noto Peninsula |
| title_fullStr | Development of HPLC Determination Method for Trace Levels of 1-, 2-Nitropyrenes and 2-Nitrofluoranthene in Airborne Particulates and Its Application to Samples Collected at Noto Peninsula |
| title_full_unstemmed | Development of HPLC Determination Method for Trace Levels of 1-, 2-Nitropyrenes and 2-Nitrofluoranthene in Airborne Particulates and Its Application to Samples Collected at Noto Peninsula |
| title_short | Development of HPLC Determination Method for Trace Levels of 1-, 2-Nitropyrenes and 2-Nitrofluoranthene in Airborne Particulates and Its Application to Samples Collected at Noto Peninsula |
| title_sort | development of hplc determination method for trace levels of 1 2 nitropyrenes and 2 nitrofluoranthene in airborne particulates and its application to samples collected at noto peninsula |
| topic | 1-nitropyrene 2-nitropyrene 2-nitrofluoranthene trace analysis airborne particulate matter |
| url | http://www.asianjae.org/_common/do.php?a=full&b=11&bidx=1581&aidx=19941 |
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