Analysis of geometric morphometrics and molecular phylogeny for Anopheles species in the Republic of Korea
Abstract Human malaria, transmitted by Anopheles mosquitoes, is the most predominant mosquito-borne disease that is responsible for hundreds of thousands of deaths worldwide each year. In the Republic of Korea (ROK), there are currently several hundred malaria cases annually, mostly near the demilit...
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| Format: | Article |
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Nature Portfolio
2023-12-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-49536-w |
| _version_ | 1827581622783836160 |
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| author | Jiseung Jeon Heung Chul Kim Terry A. Klein Kwang Shik Choi |
| author_facet | Jiseung Jeon Heung Chul Kim Terry A. Klein Kwang Shik Choi |
| author_sort | Jiseung Jeon |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Human malaria, transmitted by Anopheles mosquitoes, is the most predominant mosquito-borne disease that is responsible for hundreds of thousands of deaths worldwide each year. In the Republic of Korea (ROK), there are currently several hundred malaria cases annually, mostly near the demilitarized zone (DMZ). Eight species of Anopheles mosquitoes are currently known to be present in the ROK. Similar to other major malaria vectors in Africa and India, it is very challenging to morphologically differentiate Anopheles mosquitoes in the ROK due to their extremely similar morphology. In this study, wing geometric morphometrics (WGM) were used to differentiate the eight Anopheles species collected at six locations near the DMZ, Seoul and Pyeongtaek from April–October 2021. Phylogenetic analysis was also performed using cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI), internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2), and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) genes for comparison with WGM analysis and to infer evolutionary relationships. The results of cross-validation (overall accuracy = 74.8%) demonstrated that species identification using WGM alone was not possible with a high accuracy for all eight species. While phylogenetic analyses based on the COI region could not clearly distinguish some species, the analysis based on ITS2 and TH was more useful for resolving the phylogenetic correlation of the eight species. Our results may improve Anopheles species identification strategies for effective identification and control of malaria vectors in the ROK. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T22:39:03Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-119d3071872d4f95b1c23226ebed2751 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T22:39:03Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
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| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj.art-119d3071872d4f95b1c23226ebed27512023-12-17T12:15:38ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222023-12-0113111310.1038/s41598-023-49536-wAnalysis of geometric morphometrics and molecular phylogeny for Anopheles species in the Republic of KoreaJiseung Jeon0Heung Chul Kim1Terry A. Klein2Kwang Shik Choi3School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National UniversityU Inc.Force Health Protection and Preventive Medicine, Medical Department Activity-Korea/65th Medical Brigade, Unit 15281School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National UniversityAbstract Human malaria, transmitted by Anopheles mosquitoes, is the most predominant mosquito-borne disease that is responsible for hundreds of thousands of deaths worldwide each year. In the Republic of Korea (ROK), there are currently several hundred malaria cases annually, mostly near the demilitarized zone (DMZ). Eight species of Anopheles mosquitoes are currently known to be present in the ROK. Similar to other major malaria vectors in Africa and India, it is very challenging to morphologically differentiate Anopheles mosquitoes in the ROK due to their extremely similar morphology. In this study, wing geometric morphometrics (WGM) were used to differentiate the eight Anopheles species collected at six locations near the DMZ, Seoul and Pyeongtaek from April–October 2021. Phylogenetic analysis was also performed using cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI), internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2), and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) genes for comparison with WGM analysis and to infer evolutionary relationships. The results of cross-validation (overall accuracy = 74.8%) demonstrated that species identification using WGM alone was not possible with a high accuracy for all eight species. While phylogenetic analyses based on the COI region could not clearly distinguish some species, the analysis based on ITS2 and TH was more useful for resolving the phylogenetic correlation of the eight species. Our results may improve Anopheles species identification strategies for effective identification and control of malaria vectors in the ROK.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-49536-w |
| spellingShingle | Jiseung Jeon Heung Chul Kim Terry A. Klein Kwang Shik Choi Analysis of geometric morphometrics and molecular phylogeny for Anopheles species in the Republic of Korea Scientific Reports |
| title | Analysis of geometric morphometrics and molecular phylogeny for Anopheles species in the Republic of Korea |
| title_full | Analysis of geometric morphometrics and molecular phylogeny for Anopheles species in the Republic of Korea |
| title_fullStr | Analysis of geometric morphometrics and molecular phylogeny for Anopheles species in the Republic of Korea |
| title_full_unstemmed | Analysis of geometric morphometrics and molecular phylogeny for Anopheles species in the Republic of Korea |
| title_short | Analysis of geometric morphometrics and molecular phylogeny for Anopheles species in the Republic of Korea |
| title_sort | analysis of geometric morphometrics and molecular phylogeny for anopheles species in the republic of korea |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-49536-w |
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