Deforestation alters dissolved organic carbon and sulfate dynamics in a mountainous headwater catchment—A wavelet analysis
Deforestation has a wide range of effects on hydrological and geochemical processes. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) dynamics, a sensitive environmental change indicator, is expected to be affected by deforestation, with changes in atmospheric sulfur (S) deposition compounding this. However, how prec...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-11-01
|
| Series: | Frontiers in Forests and Global Change |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/ffgc.2022.1044447/full |
| _version_ | 1811330500089872384 |
|---|---|
| author | Qiqi Wang Qiqi Wang Yuquan Qu Kerri-Leigh Robinson Heye Bogena Alexander Graf Harry Vereecken Albert Tietema Roland Bol Roland Bol |
| author_facet | Qiqi Wang Qiqi Wang Yuquan Qu Kerri-Leigh Robinson Heye Bogena Alexander Graf Harry Vereecken Albert Tietema Roland Bol Roland Bol |
| author_sort | Qiqi Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Deforestation has a wide range of effects on hydrological and geochemical processes. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) dynamics, a sensitive environmental change indicator, is expected to be affected by deforestation, with changes in atmospheric sulfur (S) deposition compounding this. However, how precisely anthropogenic disturbance (deforestation) under a declining atmospheric S input scenario affects the underlying spatiotemporal dynamics and relationships of river DOC and sulfate with hydro-climatological variables e.g., stream water temperature, runoff, pH, total dissolved iron (Fetot), and calcium (Ca2+) remains unclear. We, therefore, examined this issue within the TERENO Wüstebach catchment (Eifel, Germany), where partial deforestation had taken place in 2013. Wavelet transform coherence (WTC) analysis was applied based on a 10-year time series (2010–2020) from three sampling stations, whose (sub) catchment areas have different proportions of deforested area (W10: 31%, W14: 25%, W17: 3%). We found that water temperature and DOC, sulfate, and Fetot concentrations showed distinct seasonal patterns, with DOC averaging concentrations ranging from 2.23 (W17) to 4.56 (W10) mg L–1 and sulfate concentration ranging from 8.04 (W10) to 10.58 (W17) mg L–1. After clear-cut, DOC significantly increased by 59, 58% in the mainstream (W10, W14), but only 26% in the reference stream. WTC results indicated that DOC was negatively correlated with runoff and sulfate, but positively correlated with temperature, Ca2+, and Fetot. The negative correlation between DOC with runoff and sulfate was apparent over the whole examined 10-year period in W17 but did end in W10 and W14 after the deforestation. Sulfate (SO4) was highly correlated with stream water temperature, runoff, and Fetot in W10 and W14 and with a longer lag time than W17. Additionally, pH was stronger correlated (higher R2) with sulfate and DOC in W17 than in W10 and W14. In conclusion, WTC analysis indicates that within this low mountainous forest catchment deforestation levels over 25% (W10 and W14) affected the coupling of S and C cycling substantially more strongly than “natural” environmental changes as observed in W17. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T16:02:43Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-11a03130f2634e5999654f55ef2959d6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2624-893X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T16:02:43Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Forests and Global Change |
| spelling | doaj.art-11a03130f2634e5999654f55ef2959d62022-12-22T02:40:28ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Forests and Global Change2624-893X2022-11-01510.3389/ffgc.2022.10444471044447Deforestation alters dissolved organic carbon and sulfate dynamics in a mountainous headwater catchment—A wavelet analysisQiqi Wang0Qiqi Wang1Yuquan Qu2Kerri-Leigh Robinson3Heye Bogena4Alexander Graf5Harry Vereecken6Albert Tietema7Roland Bol8Roland Bol9Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Agrosphere (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Juelich, Juelich, GermanyInstitute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, NetherlandsInstitute of Bio- and Geosciences, Agrosphere (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Juelich, Juelich, GermanyInstitute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, NetherlandsInstitute of Bio- and Geosciences, Agrosphere (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Juelich, Juelich, GermanyInstitute of Bio- and Geosciences, Agrosphere (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Juelich, Juelich, GermanyInstitute of Bio- and Geosciences, Agrosphere (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Juelich, Juelich, GermanyInstitute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, NetherlandsInstitute of Bio- and Geosciences, Agrosphere (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Juelich, Juelich, GermanyInstitute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, NetherlandsDeforestation has a wide range of effects on hydrological and geochemical processes. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) dynamics, a sensitive environmental change indicator, is expected to be affected by deforestation, with changes in atmospheric sulfur (S) deposition compounding this. However, how precisely anthropogenic disturbance (deforestation) under a declining atmospheric S input scenario affects the underlying spatiotemporal dynamics and relationships of river DOC and sulfate with hydro-climatological variables e.g., stream water temperature, runoff, pH, total dissolved iron (Fetot), and calcium (Ca2+) remains unclear. We, therefore, examined this issue within the TERENO Wüstebach catchment (Eifel, Germany), where partial deforestation had taken place in 2013. Wavelet transform coherence (WTC) analysis was applied based on a 10-year time series (2010–2020) from three sampling stations, whose (sub) catchment areas have different proportions of deforested area (W10: 31%, W14: 25%, W17: 3%). We found that water temperature and DOC, sulfate, and Fetot concentrations showed distinct seasonal patterns, with DOC averaging concentrations ranging from 2.23 (W17) to 4.56 (W10) mg L–1 and sulfate concentration ranging from 8.04 (W10) to 10.58 (W17) mg L–1. After clear-cut, DOC significantly increased by 59, 58% in the mainstream (W10, W14), but only 26% in the reference stream. WTC results indicated that DOC was negatively correlated with runoff and sulfate, but positively correlated with temperature, Ca2+, and Fetot. The negative correlation between DOC with runoff and sulfate was apparent over the whole examined 10-year period in W17 but did end in W10 and W14 after the deforestation. Sulfate (SO4) was highly correlated with stream water temperature, runoff, and Fetot in W10 and W14 and with a longer lag time than W17. Additionally, pH was stronger correlated (higher R2) with sulfate and DOC in W17 than in W10 and W14. In conclusion, WTC analysis indicates that within this low mountainous forest catchment deforestation levels over 25% (W10 and W14) affected the coupling of S and C cycling substantially more strongly than “natural” environmental changes as observed in W17.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/ffgc.2022.1044447/fulldissolved organic carbonsulfaterunoffdeforestationwavelet transform coherence |
| spellingShingle | Qiqi Wang Qiqi Wang Yuquan Qu Kerri-Leigh Robinson Heye Bogena Alexander Graf Harry Vereecken Albert Tietema Roland Bol Roland Bol Deforestation alters dissolved organic carbon and sulfate dynamics in a mountainous headwater catchment—A wavelet analysis Frontiers in Forests and Global Change dissolved organic carbon sulfate runoff deforestation wavelet transform coherence |
| title | Deforestation alters dissolved organic carbon and sulfate dynamics in a mountainous headwater catchment—A wavelet analysis |
| title_full | Deforestation alters dissolved organic carbon and sulfate dynamics in a mountainous headwater catchment—A wavelet analysis |
| title_fullStr | Deforestation alters dissolved organic carbon and sulfate dynamics in a mountainous headwater catchment—A wavelet analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Deforestation alters dissolved organic carbon and sulfate dynamics in a mountainous headwater catchment—A wavelet analysis |
| title_short | Deforestation alters dissolved organic carbon and sulfate dynamics in a mountainous headwater catchment—A wavelet analysis |
| title_sort | deforestation alters dissolved organic carbon and sulfate dynamics in a mountainous headwater catchment a wavelet analysis |
| topic | dissolved organic carbon sulfate runoff deforestation wavelet transform coherence |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/ffgc.2022.1044447/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT qiqiwang deforestationaltersdissolvedorganiccarbonandsulfatedynamicsinamountainousheadwatercatchmentawaveletanalysis AT qiqiwang deforestationaltersdissolvedorganiccarbonandsulfatedynamicsinamountainousheadwatercatchmentawaveletanalysis AT yuquanqu deforestationaltersdissolvedorganiccarbonandsulfatedynamicsinamountainousheadwatercatchmentawaveletanalysis AT kerrileighrobinson deforestationaltersdissolvedorganiccarbonandsulfatedynamicsinamountainousheadwatercatchmentawaveletanalysis AT heyebogena deforestationaltersdissolvedorganiccarbonandsulfatedynamicsinamountainousheadwatercatchmentawaveletanalysis AT alexandergraf deforestationaltersdissolvedorganiccarbonandsulfatedynamicsinamountainousheadwatercatchmentawaveletanalysis AT harryvereecken deforestationaltersdissolvedorganiccarbonandsulfatedynamicsinamountainousheadwatercatchmentawaveletanalysis AT alberttietema deforestationaltersdissolvedorganiccarbonandsulfatedynamicsinamountainousheadwatercatchmentawaveletanalysis AT rolandbol deforestationaltersdissolvedorganiccarbonandsulfatedynamicsinamountainousheadwatercatchmentawaveletanalysis AT rolandbol deforestationaltersdissolvedorganiccarbonandsulfatedynamicsinamountainousheadwatercatchmentawaveletanalysis |