Olfactory Optogenetics: Light Illuminates the Chemical Sensing Mechanisms of Biological Olfactory Systems
The mammalian olfactory system has an amazing ability to distinguish thousands of odorant molecules at the trace level. Scientists have made great achievements on revealing the olfactory sensing mechanisms in decades; even though many issues need addressing. Optogenetics provides a novel technical a...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2021-08-01
|
| Series: | Biosensors |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/11/9/309 |
| _version_ | 1797520020002045952 |
|---|---|
| author | Ping Zhu Yulan Tian Yating Chen Wei Chen Ping Wang Liping Du Chunsheng Wu |
| author_facet | Ping Zhu Yulan Tian Yating Chen Wei Chen Ping Wang Liping Du Chunsheng Wu |
| author_sort | Ping Zhu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The mammalian olfactory system has an amazing ability to distinguish thousands of odorant molecules at the trace level. Scientists have made great achievements on revealing the olfactory sensing mechanisms in decades; even though many issues need addressing. Optogenetics provides a novel technical approach to solve this dilemma by utilizing light to illuminate specific part of the olfactory system; which can be used in all corners of the olfactory system for revealing the olfactory mechanism. This article reviews the most recent advances in olfactory optogenetics devoted to elucidate the mechanisms of chemical sensing. It thus attempts to introduce olfactory optogenetics according to the structure of the olfactory system. It mainly includes the following aspects: the sensory input from the olfactory epithelium to the olfactory bulb; the influences of the olfactory bulb (OB) neuron activity patterns on olfactory perception; the regulation between the olfactory cortex and the olfactory bulb; and the neuromodulation participating in odor coding by dominating the olfactory bulb. Finally; current challenges and future development trends of olfactory optogenetics are proposed and discussed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:50:55Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-11bbc09cf4984121b4a91e60126dde2b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-6374 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:50:55Z |
| publishDate | 2021-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biosensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-11bbc09cf4984121b4a91e60126dde2b2023-11-22T12:12:26ZengMDPI AGBiosensors2079-63742021-08-0111930910.3390/bios11090309Olfactory Optogenetics: Light Illuminates the Chemical Sensing Mechanisms of Biological Olfactory SystemsPing Zhu0Yulan Tian1Yating Chen2Wei Chen3Ping Wang4Liping Du5Chunsheng Wu6Institute of Medical Engineering, Department of Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, ChinaInstitute of Medical Engineering, Department of Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, ChinaInstitute of Medical Engineering, Department of Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, ChinaInstitute of Medical Engineering, Department of Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, ChinaBiosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, ChinaInstitute of Medical Engineering, Department of Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, ChinaInstitute of Medical Engineering, Department of Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, ChinaThe mammalian olfactory system has an amazing ability to distinguish thousands of odorant molecules at the trace level. Scientists have made great achievements on revealing the olfactory sensing mechanisms in decades; even though many issues need addressing. Optogenetics provides a novel technical approach to solve this dilemma by utilizing light to illuminate specific part of the olfactory system; which can be used in all corners of the olfactory system for revealing the olfactory mechanism. This article reviews the most recent advances in olfactory optogenetics devoted to elucidate the mechanisms of chemical sensing. It thus attempts to introduce olfactory optogenetics according to the structure of the olfactory system. It mainly includes the following aspects: the sensory input from the olfactory epithelium to the olfactory bulb; the influences of the olfactory bulb (OB) neuron activity patterns on olfactory perception; the regulation between the olfactory cortex and the olfactory bulb; and the neuromodulation participating in odor coding by dominating the olfactory bulb. Finally; current challenges and future development trends of olfactory optogenetics are proposed and discussed.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/11/9/309optogeneticsolfactorychemical sensingneuronallight |
| spellingShingle | Ping Zhu Yulan Tian Yating Chen Wei Chen Ping Wang Liping Du Chunsheng Wu Olfactory Optogenetics: Light Illuminates the Chemical Sensing Mechanisms of Biological Olfactory Systems Biosensors optogenetics olfactory chemical sensing neuronal light |
| title | Olfactory Optogenetics: Light Illuminates the Chemical Sensing Mechanisms of Biological Olfactory Systems |
| title_full | Olfactory Optogenetics: Light Illuminates the Chemical Sensing Mechanisms of Biological Olfactory Systems |
| title_fullStr | Olfactory Optogenetics: Light Illuminates the Chemical Sensing Mechanisms of Biological Olfactory Systems |
| title_full_unstemmed | Olfactory Optogenetics: Light Illuminates the Chemical Sensing Mechanisms of Biological Olfactory Systems |
| title_short | Olfactory Optogenetics: Light Illuminates the Chemical Sensing Mechanisms of Biological Olfactory Systems |
| title_sort | olfactory optogenetics light illuminates the chemical sensing mechanisms of biological olfactory systems |
| topic | optogenetics olfactory chemical sensing neuronal light |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/11/9/309 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT pingzhu olfactoryoptogeneticslightilluminatesthechemicalsensingmechanismsofbiologicalolfactorysystems AT yulantian olfactoryoptogeneticslightilluminatesthechemicalsensingmechanismsofbiologicalolfactorysystems AT yatingchen olfactoryoptogeneticslightilluminatesthechemicalsensingmechanismsofbiologicalolfactorysystems AT weichen olfactoryoptogeneticslightilluminatesthechemicalsensingmechanismsofbiologicalolfactorysystems AT pingwang olfactoryoptogeneticslightilluminatesthechemicalsensingmechanismsofbiologicalolfactorysystems AT lipingdu olfactoryoptogeneticslightilluminatesthechemicalsensingmechanismsofbiologicalolfactorysystems AT chunshengwu olfactoryoptogeneticslightilluminatesthechemicalsensingmechanismsofbiologicalolfactorysystems |