Permeability of Hydrate-Bearing Sediment Formed from CO<sub>2</sub>-N<sub>2</sub> Mixture
CO<sub>2</sub>-N<sub>2</sub>-mixture injection can be used for the exploitation and reformation of natural gas hydrate reservoirs. The permeability evolution of sediments in the presence of CO<sub>2</sub>-N<sub>2</sub> hydrate is very important. In cur...
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Journal of Marine Science and Engineering |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/11/2/376 |
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| author | Nan Li Ziyang Fan Haoran Ma Shuai Jia Jingyu Kan Changyu Sun Shun Liu |
| author_facet | Nan Li Ziyang Fan Haoran Ma Shuai Jia Jingyu Kan Changyu Sun Shun Liu |
| author_sort | Nan Li |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | CO<sub>2</sub>-N<sub>2</sub>-mixture injection can be used for the exploitation and reformation of natural gas hydrate reservoirs. The permeability evolution of sediments in the presence of CO<sub>2</sub>-N<sub>2</sub> hydrate is very important. In current permeability tests, hydrate-bearing sediment formed from CO<sub>2</sub>-N<sub>2</sub> gas mixture is rarely involved. In this work, hydrate-bearing sediment was formed from CO<sub>2</sub>-N<sub>2</sub> mixtures, and a constant flow method was employed to measure the permeability of the hydrate-bearing sediments. The effects of CO<sub>2</sub> mole fraction and hydrate saturation on the permeability were investigated. The results show that gas composition is the key factor affecting hydrate formation. Hydrate saturation increases with increasing CO<sub>2</sub> mole fraction in the gas mixture. The presence of hydrate formed from a CO<sub>2</sub>-N<sub>2</sub> mixture leads to a sharp permeability reduction. The higher the fraction of CO<sub>2</sub> in the injected gas mixture, the lower the sediment’s permeability. Our measured permeability data were also compared with and fitted to prediction models. The pore-filling model underestimates the permeability of hydrate-bearing sediments formed from a CO<sub>2</sub>-N<sub>2</sub> gas mixture. The fitted hydrate saturation index in the Masuda model is 15.35, slightly higher than the general values, which means that the formed hydrates tend to occupy the pore center, and even block the pore throat. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:35:17Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-1312 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:35:17Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
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| series | Journal of Marine Science and Engineering |
| spelling | doaj.art-11d229c7ba394184b27aeb0bfab9f7a52023-11-16T21:28:18ZengMDPI AGJournal of Marine Science and Engineering2077-13122023-02-0111237610.3390/jmse11020376Permeability of Hydrate-Bearing Sediment Formed from CO<sub>2</sub>-N<sub>2</sub> MixtureNan Li0Ziyang Fan1Haoran Ma2Shuai Jia3Jingyu Kan4Changyu Sun5Shun Liu6State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum-Beijing at Karamay, Karamay 834000, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum-Beijing at Karamay, Karamay 834000, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum-Beijing at Karamay, Karamay 834000, ChinaChina Offshore Oil Engineering Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300461, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum-Beijing at Karamay, Karamay 834000, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum-Beijing at Karamay, Karamay 834000, ChinaCO<sub>2</sub>-N<sub>2</sub>-mixture injection can be used for the exploitation and reformation of natural gas hydrate reservoirs. The permeability evolution of sediments in the presence of CO<sub>2</sub>-N<sub>2</sub> hydrate is very important. In current permeability tests, hydrate-bearing sediment formed from CO<sub>2</sub>-N<sub>2</sub> gas mixture is rarely involved. In this work, hydrate-bearing sediment was formed from CO<sub>2</sub>-N<sub>2</sub> mixtures, and a constant flow method was employed to measure the permeability of the hydrate-bearing sediments. The effects of CO<sub>2</sub> mole fraction and hydrate saturation on the permeability were investigated. The results show that gas composition is the key factor affecting hydrate formation. Hydrate saturation increases with increasing CO<sub>2</sub> mole fraction in the gas mixture. The presence of hydrate formed from a CO<sub>2</sub>-N<sub>2</sub> mixture leads to a sharp permeability reduction. The higher the fraction of CO<sub>2</sub> in the injected gas mixture, the lower the sediment’s permeability. Our measured permeability data were also compared with and fitted to prediction models. The pore-filling model underestimates the permeability of hydrate-bearing sediments formed from a CO<sub>2</sub>-N<sub>2</sub> gas mixture. The fitted hydrate saturation index in the Masuda model is 15.35, slightly higher than the general values, which means that the formed hydrates tend to occupy the pore center, and even block the pore throat.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/11/2/376natural gas hydrateCO<sub>2</sub>-N<sub>2</sub> injectionhydrate formationpermeabilitypore-fillingMasuda model |
| spellingShingle | Nan Li Ziyang Fan Haoran Ma Shuai Jia Jingyu Kan Changyu Sun Shun Liu Permeability of Hydrate-Bearing Sediment Formed from CO<sub>2</sub>-N<sub>2</sub> Mixture Journal of Marine Science and Engineering natural gas hydrate CO<sub>2</sub>-N<sub>2</sub> injection hydrate formation permeability pore-filling Masuda model |
| title | Permeability of Hydrate-Bearing Sediment Formed from CO<sub>2</sub>-N<sub>2</sub> Mixture |
| title_full | Permeability of Hydrate-Bearing Sediment Formed from CO<sub>2</sub>-N<sub>2</sub> Mixture |
| title_fullStr | Permeability of Hydrate-Bearing Sediment Formed from CO<sub>2</sub>-N<sub>2</sub> Mixture |
| title_full_unstemmed | Permeability of Hydrate-Bearing Sediment Formed from CO<sub>2</sub>-N<sub>2</sub> Mixture |
| title_short | Permeability of Hydrate-Bearing Sediment Formed from CO<sub>2</sub>-N<sub>2</sub> Mixture |
| title_sort | permeability of hydrate bearing sediment formed from co sub 2 sub n sub 2 sub mixture |
| topic | natural gas hydrate CO<sub>2</sub>-N<sub>2</sub> injection hydrate formation permeability pore-filling Masuda model |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/11/2/376 |
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