SPEAR: The Next Generation GFDL Modeling System for Seasonal to Multidecadal Prediction and Projection
Abstract We document the development and simulation characteristics of the next generation modeling system for seasonal to decadal prediction and projection at the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL). SPEAR (Seamless System for Prediction and EArth System Research) is built from component m...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
American Geophysical Union (AGU)
2020-03-01
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| Series: | Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1029/2019MS001895 |
| _version_ | 1811297730378596352 |
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| author | Thomas L. Delworth William F. Cooke Alistair Adcroft Mitchell Bushuk Jan‐Huey Chen Krista A. Dunne Paul Ginoux Richard Gudgel Robert W. Hallberg Lucas Harris Matthew J. Harrison Nathaniel Johnson Sarah B. Kapnick Shian‐Jian Lin Feiyu Lu Sergey Malyshev Paul C. Milly Hiroyuki Murakami Vaishali Naik Salvatore Pascale David Paynter Anthony Rosati M.D. Schwarzkopf Elena Shevliakova Seth Underwood Andrew T. Wittenberg Baoqiang Xiang Xiaosong Yang Fanrong Zeng Honghai Zhang Liping Zhang Ming Zhao |
| author_facet | Thomas L. Delworth William F. Cooke Alistair Adcroft Mitchell Bushuk Jan‐Huey Chen Krista A. Dunne Paul Ginoux Richard Gudgel Robert W. Hallberg Lucas Harris Matthew J. Harrison Nathaniel Johnson Sarah B. Kapnick Shian‐Jian Lin Feiyu Lu Sergey Malyshev Paul C. Milly Hiroyuki Murakami Vaishali Naik Salvatore Pascale David Paynter Anthony Rosati M.D. Schwarzkopf Elena Shevliakova Seth Underwood Andrew T. Wittenberg Baoqiang Xiang Xiaosong Yang Fanrong Zeng Honghai Zhang Liping Zhang Ming Zhao |
| author_sort | Thomas L. Delworth |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract We document the development and simulation characteristics of the next generation modeling system for seasonal to decadal prediction and projection at the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL). SPEAR (Seamless System for Prediction and EArth System Research) is built from component models recently developed at GFDL—the AM4 atmosphere model, MOM6 ocean code, LM4 land model, and SIS2 sea ice model. The SPEAR models are specifically designed with attributes needed for a prediction model for seasonal to decadal time scales, including the ability to run large ensembles of simulations with available computational resources. For computational speed SPEAR uses a coarse ocean resolution of approximately 1.0° (with tropical refinement). SPEAR can use differing atmospheric horizontal resolutions ranging from 1° to 0.25°. The higher atmospheric resolution facilitates improved simulation of regional climate and extremes. SPEAR is built from the same components as the GFDL CM4 and ESM4 models but with design choices geared toward seasonal to multidecadal physical climate prediction and projection. We document simulation characteristics for the time mean climate, aspects of internal variability, and the response to both idealized and realistic radiative forcing change. We describe in greater detail one focus of the model development process that was motivated by the importance of the Southern Ocean to the global climate system. We present sensitivity tests that document the influence of the Antarctic surface heat budget on Southern Ocean ventilation and deep global ocean circulation. These findings were also useful in the development processes for the GFDL CM4 and ESM4 models. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T06:08:34Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-11d795e10f79442fa47c60134b460e1f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1942-2466 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T06:08:34Z |
| publishDate | 2020-03-01 |
| publisher | American Geophysical Union (AGU) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems |
| spelling | doaj.art-11d795e10f79442fa47c60134b460e1f2022-12-22T02:59:08ZengAmerican Geophysical Union (AGU)Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems1942-24662020-03-01123n/an/a10.1029/2019MS001895SPEAR: The Next Generation GFDL Modeling System for Seasonal to Multidecadal Prediction and ProjectionThomas L. Delworth0William F. Cooke1Alistair Adcroft2Mitchell Bushuk3Jan‐Huey Chen4Krista A. Dunne5Paul Ginoux6Richard Gudgel7Robert W. Hallberg8Lucas Harris9Matthew J. Harrison10Nathaniel Johnson11Sarah B. Kapnick12Shian‐Jian Lin13Feiyu Lu14Sergey Malyshev15Paul C. Milly16Hiroyuki Murakami17Vaishali Naik18Salvatore Pascale19David Paynter20Anthony Rosati21M.D. Schwarzkopf22Elena Shevliakova23Seth Underwood24Andrew T. Wittenberg25Baoqiang Xiang26Xiaosong Yang27Fanrong Zeng28Honghai Zhang29Liping Zhang30Ming Zhao31Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory NOAA Princeton NJ USAGeophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory NOAA Princeton NJ USAGeophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory NOAA Princeton NJ USAGeophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory NOAA Princeton NJ USAGeophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory NOAA Princeton NJ USAIntegrated Modeling and Prediction Division U.S. Geological Survey Princeton NJ USAGeophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory NOAA Princeton NJ USAGeophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory NOAA Princeton NJ USAGeophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory NOAA Princeton NJ USAGeophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory NOAA Princeton NJ USAGeophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory NOAA Princeton NJ USAGeophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory NOAA Princeton NJ USAGeophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory NOAA Princeton NJ USAGeophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory NOAA Princeton NJ USAGeophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory NOAA Princeton NJ USAGeophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory NOAA Princeton NJ USAIntegrated Modeling and Prediction Division U.S. Geological Survey Princeton NJ USAGeophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory NOAA Princeton NJ USAGeophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory NOAA Princeton NJ USAGeophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory NOAA Princeton NJ USAGeophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory NOAA Princeton NJ USAGeophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory NOAA Princeton NJ USAGeophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory NOAA Princeton NJ USAGeophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory NOAA Princeton NJ USAGeophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory NOAA Princeton NJ USAGeophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory NOAA Princeton NJ USAGeophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory NOAA Princeton NJ USAGeophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory NOAA Princeton NJ USAGeophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory NOAA Princeton NJ USAGeophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory NOAA Princeton NJ USAGeophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory NOAA Princeton NJ USAGeophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory NOAA Princeton NJ USAAbstract We document the development and simulation characteristics of the next generation modeling system for seasonal to decadal prediction and projection at the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL). SPEAR (Seamless System for Prediction and EArth System Research) is built from component models recently developed at GFDL—the AM4 atmosphere model, MOM6 ocean code, LM4 land model, and SIS2 sea ice model. The SPEAR models are specifically designed with attributes needed for a prediction model for seasonal to decadal time scales, including the ability to run large ensembles of simulations with available computational resources. For computational speed SPEAR uses a coarse ocean resolution of approximately 1.0° (with tropical refinement). SPEAR can use differing atmospheric horizontal resolutions ranging from 1° to 0.25°. The higher atmospheric resolution facilitates improved simulation of regional climate and extremes. SPEAR is built from the same components as the GFDL CM4 and ESM4 models but with design choices geared toward seasonal to multidecadal physical climate prediction and projection. We document simulation characteristics for the time mean climate, aspects of internal variability, and the response to both idealized and realistic radiative forcing change. We describe in greater detail one focus of the model development process that was motivated by the importance of the Southern Ocean to the global climate system. We present sensitivity tests that document the influence of the Antarctic surface heat budget on Southern Ocean ventilation and deep global ocean circulation. These findings were also useful in the development processes for the GFDL CM4 and ESM4 models.https://doi.org/10.1029/2019MS001895global climate models |
| spellingShingle | Thomas L. Delworth William F. Cooke Alistair Adcroft Mitchell Bushuk Jan‐Huey Chen Krista A. Dunne Paul Ginoux Richard Gudgel Robert W. Hallberg Lucas Harris Matthew J. Harrison Nathaniel Johnson Sarah B. Kapnick Shian‐Jian Lin Feiyu Lu Sergey Malyshev Paul C. Milly Hiroyuki Murakami Vaishali Naik Salvatore Pascale David Paynter Anthony Rosati M.D. Schwarzkopf Elena Shevliakova Seth Underwood Andrew T. Wittenberg Baoqiang Xiang Xiaosong Yang Fanrong Zeng Honghai Zhang Liping Zhang Ming Zhao SPEAR: The Next Generation GFDL Modeling System for Seasonal to Multidecadal Prediction and Projection Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems global climate models |
| title | SPEAR: The Next Generation GFDL Modeling System for Seasonal to Multidecadal Prediction and Projection |
| title_full | SPEAR: The Next Generation GFDL Modeling System for Seasonal to Multidecadal Prediction and Projection |
| title_fullStr | SPEAR: The Next Generation GFDL Modeling System for Seasonal to Multidecadal Prediction and Projection |
| title_full_unstemmed | SPEAR: The Next Generation GFDL Modeling System for Seasonal to Multidecadal Prediction and Projection |
| title_short | SPEAR: The Next Generation GFDL Modeling System for Seasonal to Multidecadal Prediction and Projection |
| title_sort | spear the next generation gfdl modeling system for seasonal to multidecadal prediction and projection |
| topic | global climate models |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1029/2019MS001895 |
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