Valence, Arousal, and Gender Effect on Olfactory Cortical Network Connectivity: A Study Using Dynamic Causal Modeling for EEG
The cortical network including the piriform (PC), orbitofrontal (OFC), and entorhinal (EC) cortices allows the complex processing of behavioral, cognitive, and context-related odor information and represents an access gate to the subcortical limbic regions. Among the several factors that influence o...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IEEE
2022-01-01
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| Series: | IEEE Access |
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| Online Access: | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9968251/ |
| _version_ | 1811201171608567808 |
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| author | Gianluca Rho Alejandro Luis Callara Cinzia Cecchetto Nicola Vanello Enzo Pasquale Scilingo Alberto Greco |
| author_facet | Gianluca Rho Alejandro Luis Callara Cinzia Cecchetto Nicola Vanello Enzo Pasquale Scilingo Alberto Greco |
| author_sort | Gianluca Rho |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The cortical network including the piriform (PC), orbitofrontal (OFC), and entorhinal (EC) cortices allows the complex processing of behavioral, cognitive, and context-related odor information and represents an access gate to the subcortical limbic regions. Among the several factors that influence odor processing, their hedonic content and gender differences play a relevant role. Here, we investigated how these factors influence EEG effective connectivity among the mentioned brain regions during emotional olfactory stimuli. To this aim, we acquired EEG data from twenty-one healthy volunteers, during a passive odor task of odorants with different valence. We used Dynamic Causal Modeling (DCM) for EEG and Parametric Empirical Bayes (PEB) to investigate the modulatory effects of odors’ valence on the connectivity strengths of the PC-EC-OFC network. Moreover, we controlled for the influence of arousal and gender on such modulatory effects. Our results highlighted the relevant role of the forward and backward PC-EC connections in odor’s brain processing. On the one hand, the EC-to-PC connection was inhibited by both pleasant and unpleasant odors, but not by the neutral one. On the other hand, the PC-to-EC forward connection was found to be modulated (posterior probability (Pp)>0.95) by the arousal level associated with an unpleasant odor. Finally, the whole network dynamics showed several significant gender-related differences (Pp>0.95) suggesting a better ability in odor discrimination for the female gender. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T02:16:23Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-11dfad87ef2344e68d81becd1eaf71ac |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2169-3536 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T02:16:23Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | IEEE |
| record_format | Article |
| series | IEEE Access |
| spelling | doaj.art-11dfad87ef2344e68d81becd1eaf71ac2022-12-22T03:52:14ZengIEEEIEEE Access2169-35362022-01-011012731312732710.1109/ACCESS.2022.32262079968251Valence, Arousal, and Gender Effect on Olfactory Cortical Network Connectivity: A Study Using Dynamic Causal Modeling for EEGGianluca Rho0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9919-9261Alejandro Luis Callara1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2767-0699Cinzia Cecchetto2Nicola Vanello3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2312-6699Enzo Pasquale Scilingo4Alberto Greco5https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4822-5562Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell’Informazione, University of Pisa, Pisa, ItalyDipartimento di Ingegneria dell’Informazione, University of Pisa, Pisa, ItalyDepartment of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, ItalyDipartimento di Ingegneria dell’Informazione, University of Pisa, Pisa, ItalyDipartimento di Ingegneria dell’Informazione, University of Pisa, Pisa, ItalyDipartimento di Ingegneria dell’Informazione, University of Pisa, Pisa, ItalyThe cortical network including the piriform (PC), orbitofrontal (OFC), and entorhinal (EC) cortices allows the complex processing of behavioral, cognitive, and context-related odor information and represents an access gate to the subcortical limbic regions. Among the several factors that influence odor processing, their hedonic content and gender differences play a relevant role. Here, we investigated how these factors influence EEG effective connectivity among the mentioned brain regions during emotional olfactory stimuli. To this aim, we acquired EEG data from twenty-one healthy volunteers, during a passive odor task of odorants with different valence. We used Dynamic Causal Modeling (DCM) for EEG and Parametric Empirical Bayes (PEB) to investigate the modulatory effects of odors’ valence on the connectivity strengths of the PC-EC-OFC network. Moreover, we controlled for the influence of arousal and gender on such modulatory effects. Our results highlighted the relevant role of the forward and backward PC-EC connections in odor’s brain processing. On the one hand, the EC-to-PC connection was inhibited by both pleasant and unpleasant odors, but not by the neutral one. On the other hand, the PC-to-EC forward connection was found to be modulated (posterior probability (Pp)>0.95) by the arousal level associated with an unpleasant odor. Finally, the whole network dynamics showed several significant gender-related differences (Pp>0.95) suggesting a better ability in odor discrimination for the female gender.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9968251/DCMEEGeffective connectivitygenderhedonic olfaction |
| spellingShingle | Gianluca Rho Alejandro Luis Callara Cinzia Cecchetto Nicola Vanello Enzo Pasquale Scilingo Alberto Greco Valence, Arousal, and Gender Effect on Olfactory Cortical Network Connectivity: A Study Using Dynamic Causal Modeling for EEG IEEE Access DCM EEG effective connectivity gender hedonic olfaction |
| title | Valence, Arousal, and Gender Effect on Olfactory Cortical Network Connectivity: A Study Using Dynamic Causal Modeling for EEG |
| title_full | Valence, Arousal, and Gender Effect on Olfactory Cortical Network Connectivity: A Study Using Dynamic Causal Modeling for EEG |
| title_fullStr | Valence, Arousal, and Gender Effect on Olfactory Cortical Network Connectivity: A Study Using Dynamic Causal Modeling for EEG |
| title_full_unstemmed | Valence, Arousal, and Gender Effect on Olfactory Cortical Network Connectivity: A Study Using Dynamic Causal Modeling for EEG |
| title_short | Valence, Arousal, and Gender Effect on Olfactory Cortical Network Connectivity: A Study Using Dynamic Causal Modeling for EEG |
| title_sort | valence arousal and gender effect on olfactory cortical network connectivity a study using dynamic causal modeling for eeg |
| topic | DCM EEG effective connectivity gender hedonic olfaction |
| url | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9968251/ |
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