Prevalence and determinants of anaemia among women of reproductive age in Aspirational Districts of India: an analysis of NFHS 4 and NFHS 5 data
Abstract Background Over one-third of women worldwide suffer from anaemia. The prevalence of anaemia is particularly pronounced among women of reproductive age (WRA) in developing countries, such as India. No prior study has ever exclusively studied the prevalence of anaemia across the Aspirational...
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BMC
2024-02-01
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| Series: | BMC Public Health |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-17789-3 |
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| author | Subhojit Let Seema Tiwari Aditya Singh Mahashweta Chakrabarty |
| author_facet | Subhojit Let Seema Tiwari Aditya Singh Mahashweta Chakrabarty |
| author_sort | Subhojit Let |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Over one-third of women worldwide suffer from anaemia. The prevalence of anaemia is particularly pronounced among women of reproductive age (WRA) in developing countries, such as India. No prior study has ever exclusively studied the prevalence of anaemia across the Aspirational Districts of India. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of anaemia across Aspirational Districts of India and to identify the determinants of anaemia among WRA in these districts. Methods From the National Family Health Survey (NFHS)-4 (2015-16) and NFHS-5 (2019-21), data on 114,444 and 108,782 women aged 15–49 from Aspirational Districts were analyzed in our study, respectively. Bivariate statistics and multivariable binary logistic regression were used to identify the determinants of anaemia. Results The national prevalence of anaemia among WRA has increased from 53% in NFHS-4 to 57% in NFHS-5 whereas anaemia among WRA in Aspirational Districts has increased from 58.7% in NFHS-4 to 61.1% in NFHS-5. Between 2015 and 2021, over 60% of Aspirational Districts experienced an increase in the prevalence of anaemia and one-fourth, specifically 29 out of 112, observed a rise by at least 10 percentage points (pp). Notably, there are significant variations in anaemia prevalence among districts, with Simdega and Udalgiri having the highest anaemia prevalence in NFHS-4 and NFHS-5 at 78.2% and 81.5%, respectively. During this period, Barpeta followed by Udalgiri of Assam have witnessed the maximum increase with 29.4% and 26.7% respectively. Moreover, pooled regression results show women with three to four children [AOR: 1.13, 95% CI: 1.08–1.17], women who breastfeed [AOR: 1.17, 95% CI: 1.13–1.20], Scheduled Tribe women [AOR: 1.39, 95% CI: 1.35–1.44], poorest women [AOR: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.22–1.33] and women those who consume fish occasionally [AOR: 1.14, 95% CI: 1.12–1.17] were more likely to be anaemic. Conclusion The significant increase in anaemia among WRA in Aspirational Districts of India is a matter of concern. Given the rise in anaemia among WRA, determinants-based and district-specific measures must be designed and implemented to reduce the prevalence of anaemia among Aspirational Districts of India. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T14:36:32Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-11e6d4ca17714c05ac2e2efbebfd579f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1471-2458 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T14:36:32Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-11e6d4ca17714c05ac2e2efbebfd579f2024-03-05T20:36:04ZengBMCBMC Public Health1471-24582024-02-0124111910.1186/s12889-024-17789-3Prevalence and determinants of anaemia among women of reproductive age in Aspirational Districts of India: an analysis of NFHS 4 and NFHS 5 dataSubhojit Let0Seema Tiwari1Aditya Singh2Mahashweta Chakrabarty3Department of Geography, Banaras Hindu UniversityGeography Section, Mahila Maha Vidyalaya, Banaras Hindu UniversityDepartment of Geography, Banaras Hindu UniversityDepartment of Geography, Banaras Hindu UniversityAbstract Background Over one-third of women worldwide suffer from anaemia. The prevalence of anaemia is particularly pronounced among women of reproductive age (WRA) in developing countries, such as India. No prior study has ever exclusively studied the prevalence of anaemia across the Aspirational Districts of India. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of anaemia across Aspirational Districts of India and to identify the determinants of anaemia among WRA in these districts. Methods From the National Family Health Survey (NFHS)-4 (2015-16) and NFHS-5 (2019-21), data on 114,444 and 108,782 women aged 15–49 from Aspirational Districts were analyzed in our study, respectively. Bivariate statistics and multivariable binary logistic regression were used to identify the determinants of anaemia. Results The national prevalence of anaemia among WRA has increased from 53% in NFHS-4 to 57% in NFHS-5 whereas anaemia among WRA in Aspirational Districts has increased from 58.7% in NFHS-4 to 61.1% in NFHS-5. Between 2015 and 2021, over 60% of Aspirational Districts experienced an increase in the prevalence of anaemia and one-fourth, specifically 29 out of 112, observed a rise by at least 10 percentage points (pp). Notably, there are significant variations in anaemia prevalence among districts, with Simdega and Udalgiri having the highest anaemia prevalence in NFHS-4 and NFHS-5 at 78.2% and 81.5%, respectively. During this period, Barpeta followed by Udalgiri of Assam have witnessed the maximum increase with 29.4% and 26.7% respectively. Moreover, pooled regression results show women with three to four children [AOR: 1.13, 95% CI: 1.08–1.17], women who breastfeed [AOR: 1.17, 95% CI: 1.13–1.20], Scheduled Tribe women [AOR: 1.39, 95% CI: 1.35–1.44], poorest women [AOR: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.22–1.33] and women those who consume fish occasionally [AOR: 1.14, 95% CI: 1.12–1.17] were more likely to be anaemic. Conclusion The significant increase in anaemia among WRA in Aspirational Districts of India is a matter of concern. Given the rise in anaemia among WRA, determinants-based and district-specific measures must be designed and implemented to reduce the prevalence of anaemia among Aspirational Districts of India.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-17789-3AnaemiaNFHSWomen's HealthWomen of Reproductive ageAspirational DistrictsWRA |
| spellingShingle | Subhojit Let Seema Tiwari Aditya Singh Mahashweta Chakrabarty Prevalence and determinants of anaemia among women of reproductive age in Aspirational Districts of India: an analysis of NFHS 4 and NFHS 5 data BMC Public Health Anaemia NFHS Women's Health Women of Reproductive age Aspirational Districts WRA |
| title | Prevalence and determinants of anaemia among women of reproductive age in Aspirational Districts of India: an analysis of NFHS 4 and NFHS 5 data |
| title_full | Prevalence and determinants of anaemia among women of reproductive age in Aspirational Districts of India: an analysis of NFHS 4 and NFHS 5 data |
| title_fullStr | Prevalence and determinants of anaemia among women of reproductive age in Aspirational Districts of India: an analysis of NFHS 4 and NFHS 5 data |
| title_full_unstemmed | Prevalence and determinants of anaemia among women of reproductive age in Aspirational Districts of India: an analysis of NFHS 4 and NFHS 5 data |
| title_short | Prevalence and determinants of anaemia among women of reproductive age in Aspirational Districts of India: an analysis of NFHS 4 and NFHS 5 data |
| title_sort | prevalence and determinants of anaemia among women of reproductive age in aspirational districts of india an analysis of nfhs 4 and nfhs 5 data |
| topic | Anaemia NFHS Women's Health Women of Reproductive age Aspirational Districts WRA |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-17789-3 |
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