Selected Indices to Identify Water-Stress-Tolerant Tropical Forage Grasses
Periods of soil water stress have been recurrent in the Cerrado region and have become a growing concern for Brazilian tropical pasture areas. Thus, the search for forage grasses more tolerant to water stress has intensified recently in order to promote more sustainable livestock. In a greenhouse ex...
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MDPI AG
2022-09-01
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| author | Alan Mario Zuffo Fábio Steiner Jorge González Aguilera Rafael Felippe Ratke Leandra Matos Barrozo Ricardo Mezzomo Adaniel Sousa dos Santos Hebert Hernán Soto Gonzales Pedro Arias Cubillas Sheda Méndez Ancca |
| author_facet | Alan Mario Zuffo Fábio Steiner Jorge González Aguilera Rafael Felippe Ratke Leandra Matos Barrozo Ricardo Mezzomo Adaniel Sousa dos Santos Hebert Hernán Soto Gonzales Pedro Arias Cubillas Sheda Méndez Ancca |
| author_sort | Alan Mario Zuffo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Periods of soil water stress have been recurrent in the Cerrado region and have become a growing concern for Brazilian tropical pasture areas. Thus, the search for forage grasses more tolerant to water stress has intensified recently in order to promote more sustainable livestock. In a greenhouse experiment, the degree of water stress tolerance of nine tropical forage grass cultivars was studied under different soil water regimes. The investigation followed a 9 × 3 factorial design in four randomized blocks. Nine cultivars from five species of perennial forage grasses were tested: <i>Urochloa brizantha</i> (‘BRS Piatã’, ‘Marandu’, and ‘Xaraés’), <i>Panicum maximum</i> (‘Aruana’, ‘Mombaça’, and ‘Tanzânia’), <i>Pennisetum glaucum</i> (‘ADR 300’), <i>Urochloa ruziziensis</i> (‘Comum’), and <i>Paspalum atratum</i> (‘Pojuca’). These cultivars were grown in pots under three soil water regimes (high soil water regime—HSW (non-stressful condition), middle soil water regime—MSW (moderate water stress), and low soil water regime—LSW (severe water stress)). Plants were exposed to soil water stress for 25 days during the tillering and stalk elongation phases. Twelve tolerance indices, including tolerance index (TOL), mean production (MP), yield stability index (YSI), drought resistance index (DI), stress tolerance index (STI), geometric mean production (GMP), yield index (YI), modified stress tolerance (k<sub>1</sub>STI and k<sub>2</sub>STI), stress susceptibility percentage index (SSPI), abiotic tolerance index (ATI), and harmonic mean (HM), were calculated based on shoot biomass production under non-stressful (Y<sub>P</sub>) and stressful (Y<sub>S</sub>) conditions. Soil water stress decreased leaf area, plant height, tillering capacity, root volume, and shoot and root dry matter production in most cultivars, with varying degrees of reduction among tropical forage grasses. Based on shoot biomass production under controlled greenhouse conditions, the most water-stress-tolerant cultivars were <i>P. maximum</i> cv. Mombaça and cv. Tanzânia under the MSW regime and <i>P. maximum</i> cv. Aruana and cv. Mombaça under the LSW regime. <i>P. maximum</i> cv. Mombaça has greater adaptability and stability of shoot biomass production when grown under greenhouse conditions and subjected to soil water stress. Therefore, this forage grass should be tested under field conditions to confirm its forage production potential for cultivation in tropical regions with the occurrence of water stress. The MP, DI, STI, GMP, YI, k<sub>2</sub>STI, and HM tolerance indices were the most suitable for identifying forage grass cultivars with greater water stress tolerance and a high potential for shoot biomass production under LSW regime. |
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| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj.art-11feb41043b04a01b99bc6ab93c53c1b2023-11-23T18:28:03ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472022-09-011118244410.3390/plants11182444Selected Indices to Identify Water-Stress-Tolerant Tropical Forage GrassesAlan Mario Zuffo0Fábio Steiner1Jorge González Aguilera2Rafael Felippe Ratke3Leandra Matos Barrozo4Ricardo Mezzomo5Adaniel Sousa dos Santos6Hebert Hernán Soto Gonzales7Pedro Arias Cubillas8Sheda Méndez Ancca9Department of Agronomy, State University of Maranhão, Balsas, MA 65800-000, BrazilDepartment of Crop Science, State University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Cassilândia, MS 79540-000, BrazilDepartment of Agronomy, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Chapadão do Sul, MS 79560-000, BrazilDepartment of Agronomy, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Chapadão do Sul, MS 79560-000, BrazilDepartment of Agronomy, State University of Maranhão, Balsas, MA 65800-000, BrazilDepartment of Agronomy, State University of Maranhão, Balsas, MA 65800-000, BrazilDepartment of Plant Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Bom Jesus, PI 64900-000, BrazilEscuela Profesional de Ingeniería Ambiental, Universidad Nacional de Moquegua (UNAM), Ilo 18601, PeruEscuela de Posgrado-Doctorado en Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad Nacional Jorge Basadre Grohmann (UNJBG), Tacna 23001, PeruEscuela Profesional de Ingeniería Pesquera, Universidad Nacional de Moquegua (UNAM), Ilo 18601, PeruPeriods of soil water stress have been recurrent in the Cerrado region and have become a growing concern for Brazilian tropical pasture areas. Thus, the search for forage grasses more tolerant to water stress has intensified recently in order to promote more sustainable livestock. In a greenhouse experiment, the degree of water stress tolerance of nine tropical forage grass cultivars was studied under different soil water regimes. The investigation followed a 9 × 3 factorial design in four randomized blocks. Nine cultivars from five species of perennial forage grasses were tested: <i>Urochloa brizantha</i> (‘BRS Piatã’, ‘Marandu’, and ‘Xaraés’), <i>Panicum maximum</i> (‘Aruana’, ‘Mombaça’, and ‘Tanzânia’), <i>Pennisetum glaucum</i> (‘ADR 300’), <i>Urochloa ruziziensis</i> (‘Comum’), and <i>Paspalum atratum</i> (‘Pojuca’). These cultivars were grown in pots under three soil water regimes (high soil water regime—HSW (non-stressful condition), middle soil water regime—MSW (moderate water stress), and low soil water regime—LSW (severe water stress)). Plants were exposed to soil water stress for 25 days during the tillering and stalk elongation phases. Twelve tolerance indices, including tolerance index (TOL), mean production (MP), yield stability index (YSI), drought resistance index (DI), stress tolerance index (STI), geometric mean production (GMP), yield index (YI), modified stress tolerance (k<sub>1</sub>STI and k<sub>2</sub>STI), stress susceptibility percentage index (SSPI), abiotic tolerance index (ATI), and harmonic mean (HM), were calculated based on shoot biomass production under non-stressful (Y<sub>P</sub>) and stressful (Y<sub>S</sub>) conditions. Soil water stress decreased leaf area, plant height, tillering capacity, root volume, and shoot and root dry matter production in most cultivars, with varying degrees of reduction among tropical forage grasses. Based on shoot biomass production under controlled greenhouse conditions, the most water-stress-tolerant cultivars were <i>P. maximum</i> cv. Mombaça and cv. Tanzânia under the MSW regime and <i>P. maximum</i> cv. Aruana and cv. Mombaça under the LSW regime. <i>P. maximum</i> cv. Mombaça has greater adaptability and stability of shoot biomass production when grown under greenhouse conditions and subjected to soil water stress. Therefore, this forage grass should be tested under field conditions to confirm its forage production potential for cultivation in tropical regions with the occurrence of water stress. The MP, DI, STI, GMP, YI, k<sub>2</sub>STI, and HM tolerance indices were the most suitable for identifying forage grass cultivars with greater water stress tolerance and a high potential for shoot biomass production under LSW regime.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/18/2444soil water regimestress tolerance indicesforage yield<i>Panicum maximum</i><i>Urochloa</i> sp. |
| spellingShingle | Alan Mario Zuffo Fábio Steiner Jorge González Aguilera Rafael Felippe Ratke Leandra Matos Barrozo Ricardo Mezzomo Adaniel Sousa dos Santos Hebert Hernán Soto Gonzales Pedro Arias Cubillas Sheda Méndez Ancca Selected Indices to Identify Water-Stress-Tolerant Tropical Forage Grasses Plants soil water regime stress tolerance indices forage yield <i>Panicum maximum</i> <i>Urochloa</i> sp. |
| title | Selected Indices to Identify Water-Stress-Tolerant Tropical Forage Grasses |
| title_full | Selected Indices to Identify Water-Stress-Tolerant Tropical Forage Grasses |
| title_fullStr | Selected Indices to Identify Water-Stress-Tolerant Tropical Forage Grasses |
| title_full_unstemmed | Selected Indices to Identify Water-Stress-Tolerant Tropical Forage Grasses |
| title_short | Selected Indices to Identify Water-Stress-Tolerant Tropical Forage Grasses |
| title_sort | selected indices to identify water stress tolerant tropical forage grasses |
| topic | soil water regime stress tolerance indices forage yield <i>Panicum maximum</i> <i>Urochloa</i> sp. |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/18/2444 |
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