A Systematic Review of the Clinical Diagnosis of Transient Hypogammaglobulinemia of Infancy
Transient hypogammaglobulinemia of infancy (THI) is a primary immunodeficiency caused by a temporary decline in serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels greater than two standard deviations below the mean age-specific reference values in infants between 5 and 24 months of age. Preterm infants are particu...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-08-01
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| Series: | Children |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9067/10/8/1358 |
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| author | Angel A. Justiz-Vaillant Trudee Hoyte Nikao Davis Candice Deonarinesingh Amir De Silva Dylan Dhanpaul Chloe Dookhoo Justin Doorpat Alexei Dopson Joash Durgapersad Clovis Palmer Odalis Asin-Milan Arlene Faye-Ann Williams-Persad Rodolfo Arozarena-Fundora |
| author_facet | Angel A. Justiz-Vaillant Trudee Hoyte Nikao Davis Candice Deonarinesingh Amir De Silva Dylan Dhanpaul Chloe Dookhoo Justin Doorpat Alexei Dopson Joash Durgapersad Clovis Palmer Odalis Asin-Milan Arlene Faye-Ann Williams-Persad Rodolfo Arozarena-Fundora |
| author_sort | Angel A. Justiz-Vaillant |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Transient hypogammaglobulinemia of infancy (THI) is a primary immunodeficiency caused by a temporary decline in serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels greater than two standard deviations below the mean age-specific reference values in infants between 5 and 24 months of age. Preterm infants are particularly susceptible to THI, as IgG is only transferred across the placenta from mother to infant during the third trimester of pregnancy. This study aimed to conduct a systematic review of the diagnostic criteria for transient hypogammaglobulinemia of infancy. Systematic review: Three electronic databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar) were manually searched from September 2021 to April 2022. Abstracts were screened to assess their fit to the inclusion criteria. Data were extracted from the selected studies using an adapted extraction tool (Cochrane). The studies were then assessed for bias using an assessment tool adapted from Cochrane. Of the 215 identified articles, 16 were eligible for examining the diagnostic criteria of THI. These studies were also assessed for bias in the six domains. A total of five studies (31%) had a low risk of bias, while four studies (25%) had a high risk of bias, and bias in the case of seven studies (44%) was unclear. We conclude that THI is only definitively diagnosed after abnormal IgG levels normalise. Hence, THI is not a benign condition, and monitoring for subsequent recurrent infections must be conducted. The diagnostic criteria should also include vaccine and isohaemagglutinin responses to differentiate THI from other immunological disorders in infants. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:01:56Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-12021779017145779e8b78476c2f169c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2227-9067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:01:56Z |
| publishDate | 2023-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Children |
| spelling | doaj.art-12021779017145779e8b78476c2f169c2023-11-19T00:40:20ZengMDPI AGChildren2227-90672023-08-01108135810.3390/children10081358A Systematic Review of the Clinical Diagnosis of Transient Hypogammaglobulinemia of InfancyAngel A. Justiz-Vaillant0Trudee Hoyte1Nikao Davis2Candice Deonarinesingh3Amir De Silva4Dylan Dhanpaul5Chloe Dookhoo6Justin Doorpat7Alexei Dopson8Joash Durgapersad9Clovis Palmer10Odalis Asin-Milan11Arlene Faye-Ann Williams-Persad12Rodolfo Arozarena-Fundora13Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine 685509, Trinidad and TobagoFaculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine 685509, Trinidad and TobagoFaculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine 685509, Trinidad and TobagoFaculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine 685509, Trinidad and TobagoFaculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine 685509, Trinidad and TobagoFaculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine 685509, Trinidad and TobagoFaculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine 685509, Trinidad and TobagoFaculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine 685509, Trinidad and TobagoFaculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine 685509, Trinidad and TobagoFaculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine 685509, Trinidad and TobagoTulane National Primate Research Centre, Tulane University, Covington, LA 70433, USALaval, QC H7E 2Z8, CanadaFaculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine 685509, Trinidad and TobagoFaculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine 685509, Trinidad and TobagoTransient hypogammaglobulinemia of infancy (THI) is a primary immunodeficiency caused by a temporary decline in serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels greater than two standard deviations below the mean age-specific reference values in infants between 5 and 24 months of age. Preterm infants are particularly susceptible to THI, as IgG is only transferred across the placenta from mother to infant during the third trimester of pregnancy. This study aimed to conduct a systematic review of the diagnostic criteria for transient hypogammaglobulinemia of infancy. Systematic review: Three electronic databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar) were manually searched from September 2021 to April 2022. Abstracts were screened to assess their fit to the inclusion criteria. Data were extracted from the selected studies using an adapted extraction tool (Cochrane). The studies were then assessed for bias using an assessment tool adapted from Cochrane. Of the 215 identified articles, 16 were eligible for examining the diagnostic criteria of THI. These studies were also assessed for bias in the six domains. A total of five studies (31%) had a low risk of bias, while four studies (25%) had a high risk of bias, and bias in the case of seven studies (44%) was unclear. We conclude that THI is only definitively diagnosed after abnormal IgG levels normalise. Hence, THI is not a benign condition, and monitoring for subsequent recurrent infections must be conducted. The diagnostic criteria should also include vaccine and isohaemagglutinin responses to differentiate THI from other immunological disorders in infants.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9067/10/8/1358clinical diagnosisimmunodeficiencysystematic reviewimmunoglobulins |
| spellingShingle | Angel A. Justiz-Vaillant Trudee Hoyte Nikao Davis Candice Deonarinesingh Amir De Silva Dylan Dhanpaul Chloe Dookhoo Justin Doorpat Alexei Dopson Joash Durgapersad Clovis Palmer Odalis Asin-Milan Arlene Faye-Ann Williams-Persad Rodolfo Arozarena-Fundora A Systematic Review of the Clinical Diagnosis of Transient Hypogammaglobulinemia of Infancy Children clinical diagnosis immunodeficiency systematic review immunoglobulins |
| title | A Systematic Review of the Clinical Diagnosis of Transient Hypogammaglobulinemia of Infancy |
| title_full | A Systematic Review of the Clinical Diagnosis of Transient Hypogammaglobulinemia of Infancy |
| title_fullStr | A Systematic Review of the Clinical Diagnosis of Transient Hypogammaglobulinemia of Infancy |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Systematic Review of the Clinical Diagnosis of Transient Hypogammaglobulinemia of Infancy |
| title_short | A Systematic Review of the Clinical Diagnosis of Transient Hypogammaglobulinemia of Infancy |
| title_sort | systematic review of the clinical diagnosis of transient hypogammaglobulinemia of infancy |
| topic | clinical diagnosis immunodeficiency systematic review immunoglobulins |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9067/10/8/1358 |
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