The Role of Immunometabolism in HIV-1 Pathogenicity: Links to Immune Cell Responses
With the successful roll-out of combination antiretroviral treatment, HIV is currently managed as a chronic illness. Of note, immune activation and chronic inflammation are hallmarks of HIV-1 infection that persists even though patients are receiving treatments. Despite strong evidence linking immun...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-08-01
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| Series: | Viruses |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/14/8/1813 |
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| author | Eman Teer Nyasha C. Mukonowenzou M. Faadiel Essop |
| author_facet | Eman Teer Nyasha C. Mukonowenzou M. Faadiel Essop |
| author_sort | Eman Teer |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | With the successful roll-out of combination antiretroviral treatment, HIV is currently managed as a chronic illness. Of note, immune activation and chronic inflammation are hallmarks of HIV-1 infection that persists even though patients are receiving treatments. Despite strong evidence linking immune activation and low-grade inflammation to HIV-1 pathogenesis, the underlying mechanisms remain less well-understood. As intracellular metabolism is emerging as a crucial factor determining the fate and activity of immune cells, this review article focuses on how links between early immune responses and metabolic reprograming may contribute to HIV pathogenicity. Here, the collective data reveal that immunometabolism plays a key role in HIV-1 pathogenesis. For example, the shift from quiescent immune cells to its activation leads to perturbed metabolic circuits that are major drivers of immune cell dysfunction and an altered phenotype. These findings suggest that immunometabolic perturbations play a key role in the onset of non-AIDS-associated comorbidities and that they represent an attractive target to develop improved diagnostic tools and novel therapeutic strategies to help blunt HIV-1 pathogenesis. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T03:41:05Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1206d9514655429a98d57926618496e8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T03:41:05Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj.art-1206d9514655429a98d57926618496e82023-12-03T14:39:47ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152022-08-01148181310.3390/v14081813The Role of Immunometabolism in HIV-1 Pathogenicity: Links to Immune Cell ResponsesEman Teer0Nyasha C. Mukonowenzou1M. Faadiel Essop2Centre for Cardio-Metabolic Research in Africa (CARMA), Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South AfricaCentre for Cardio-Metabolic Research in Africa (CARMA), Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South AfricaCentre for Cardio-Metabolic Research in Africa (CARMA), Division of Medical Physiology, BMRI, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town 8000, South AfricaWith the successful roll-out of combination antiretroviral treatment, HIV is currently managed as a chronic illness. Of note, immune activation and chronic inflammation are hallmarks of HIV-1 infection that persists even though patients are receiving treatments. Despite strong evidence linking immune activation and low-grade inflammation to HIV-1 pathogenesis, the underlying mechanisms remain less well-understood. As intracellular metabolism is emerging as a crucial factor determining the fate and activity of immune cells, this review article focuses on how links between early immune responses and metabolic reprograming may contribute to HIV pathogenicity. Here, the collective data reveal that immunometabolism plays a key role in HIV-1 pathogenesis. For example, the shift from quiescent immune cells to its activation leads to perturbed metabolic circuits that are major drivers of immune cell dysfunction and an altered phenotype. These findings suggest that immunometabolic perturbations play a key role in the onset of non-AIDS-associated comorbidities and that they represent an attractive target to develop improved diagnostic tools and novel therapeutic strategies to help blunt HIV-1 pathogenesis.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/14/8/1813HIVnon-AIDS-associated comorbiditiesimmunometabolisminflammationmitochondria |
| spellingShingle | Eman Teer Nyasha C. Mukonowenzou M. Faadiel Essop The Role of Immunometabolism in HIV-1 Pathogenicity: Links to Immune Cell Responses Viruses HIV non-AIDS-associated comorbidities immunometabolism inflammation mitochondria |
| title | The Role of Immunometabolism in HIV-1 Pathogenicity: Links to Immune Cell Responses |
| title_full | The Role of Immunometabolism in HIV-1 Pathogenicity: Links to Immune Cell Responses |
| title_fullStr | The Role of Immunometabolism in HIV-1 Pathogenicity: Links to Immune Cell Responses |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Role of Immunometabolism in HIV-1 Pathogenicity: Links to Immune Cell Responses |
| title_short | The Role of Immunometabolism in HIV-1 Pathogenicity: Links to Immune Cell Responses |
| title_sort | role of immunometabolism in hiv 1 pathogenicity links to immune cell responses |
| topic | HIV non-AIDS-associated comorbidities immunometabolism inflammation mitochondria |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/14/8/1813 |
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