Criminality and Income Inequality in Indonesia
We investigate whether a nexus exists between income inequality and criminal activity in Indonesia. Additionally, we examine socioeconomic variables and potential links with criminal actions (i.e., crime rate, murder, rape, physical abuse, robbery, and fraud). We use the generalized method of moment...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-03-01
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| Series: | Social Sciences |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0760/11/3/142 |
| _version_ | 1827625424116514816 |
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| author | Lilik Sugiharti Miguel Angel Esquivias Mohd Shahidan Shaari Lussi Agustin Hilda Rohmawati |
| author_facet | Lilik Sugiharti Miguel Angel Esquivias Mohd Shahidan Shaari Lussi Agustin Hilda Rohmawati |
| author_sort | Lilik Sugiharti |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We investigate whether a nexus exists between income inequality and criminal activity in Indonesia. Additionally, we examine socioeconomic variables and potential links with criminal actions (i.e., crime rate, murder, rape, physical abuse, robbery, and fraud). We use the generalized method of moments (GMM) approach, employing data for 34 provinces in Indonesia over the period of 2010–2019. The results indicate that income inequality is associated with higher criminal activity. Overall, lower unemployment, larger investment (foreign and domestic), and higher human development (education and health) can help reduce crime in Indonesia. However, higher income can reduce physical abuse and crime rates, but theft and fraud increase with income growth. Rising unemployment increases rape, abuse, robbery, and fraud. Still, unemployment does not affect murder, suggesting that non-economic factors are dominant in explaining murder and violent crimes. Furthermore, income inequality can increase robbery and fraud, although it has no significant effects on murder, rape, and abuse. Government spending on social assistance and more efficient settlement of criminal acts can lower crime rates. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:36:35Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1207db8897714f438ca044843002aec1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-0760 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:36:35Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Social Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-1207db8897714f438ca044843002aec12023-11-30T22:23:06ZengMDPI AGSocial Sciences2076-07602022-03-0111314210.3390/socsci11030142Criminality and Income Inequality in IndonesiaLilik Sugiharti0Miguel Angel Esquivias1Mohd Shahidan Shaari2Lussi Agustin3Hilda Rohmawati4Faculty of Economics and Business, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60286, IndonesiaFaculty of Economics and Business, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60286, IndonesiaFaculty of Economics and Business, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60286, IndonesiaFaculty of Economics and Business, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60286, IndonesiaFaculty of Economics and Business, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60286, IndonesiaWe investigate whether a nexus exists between income inequality and criminal activity in Indonesia. Additionally, we examine socioeconomic variables and potential links with criminal actions (i.e., crime rate, murder, rape, physical abuse, robbery, and fraud). We use the generalized method of moments (GMM) approach, employing data for 34 provinces in Indonesia over the period of 2010–2019. The results indicate that income inequality is associated with higher criminal activity. Overall, lower unemployment, larger investment (foreign and domestic), and higher human development (education and health) can help reduce crime in Indonesia. However, higher income can reduce physical abuse and crime rates, but theft and fraud increase with income growth. Rising unemployment increases rape, abuse, robbery, and fraud. Still, unemployment does not affect murder, suggesting that non-economic factors are dominant in explaining murder and violent crimes. Furthermore, income inequality can increase robbery and fraud, although it has no significant effects on murder, rape, and abuse. Government spending on social assistance and more efficient settlement of criminal acts can lower crime rates.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0760/11/3/142crime ratewell-beingincome inequalityquality educationhuman developmentlife expectancy |
| spellingShingle | Lilik Sugiharti Miguel Angel Esquivias Mohd Shahidan Shaari Lussi Agustin Hilda Rohmawati Criminality and Income Inequality in Indonesia Social Sciences crime rate well-being income inequality quality education human development life expectancy |
| title | Criminality and Income Inequality in Indonesia |
| title_full | Criminality and Income Inequality in Indonesia |
| title_fullStr | Criminality and Income Inequality in Indonesia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Criminality and Income Inequality in Indonesia |
| title_short | Criminality and Income Inequality in Indonesia |
| title_sort | criminality and income inequality in indonesia |
| topic | crime rate well-being income inequality quality education human development life expectancy |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0760/11/3/142 |
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