Antibody response to Raboral VR-G® oral rabies vaccine in captive and free-ranging black-backed jackals (Canis mesomelas)
Rabies is a zoonotic disease that remains endemic in large parts of southern Africa because of its persistence in wildlife and domestic dog vectors. The black-backed jackals (Canis mesomelas) is primarily the wildlife vector responsible for rabies outbreaks in northern parts of South Africa. Two tri...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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AOSIS
2022-02-01
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| Series: | Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research |
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| Online Access: | https://ojvr.org/index.php/ojvr/article/view/1975 |
| _version_ | 1818199800721440768 |
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| author | Katja N. Koeppel Peter Geertsma Brian F. Kuhn Ockert L. van Schalkwyk Peter N. Thompson |
| author_facet | Katja N. Koeppel Peter Geertsma Brian F. Kuhn Ockert L. van Schalkwyk Peter N. Thompson |
| author_sort | Katja N. Koeppel |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Rabies is a zoonotic disease that remains endemic in large parts of southern Africa because of its persistence in wildlife and domestic dog vectors. The black-backed jackals (Canis mesomelas) is primarily the wildlife vector responsible for rabies outbreaks in northern parts of South Africa. Two trials were carried out to investigate antibody responses to the oral rabies vaccine Raboral V-RG® in black-backed jackals under captive and free-ranging conditions. In captive jackals 10/12 (83%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 52% – 98%), seroconverted after single oral vaccination. Nine captive jackals had protective antibody titres ( 0.5 IU/mL) at 4 weeks (median: 2.1 IU/mL; inter quartile range [IQR]: 0.6–5.7) and 10 jackals had at 12 weeks (median: 3.5 IU/mL; IQR: 1.5–8.3) and three maintained antibody titres for up to 48 weeks (median: 3.4 IU/mL; IQR: 2.0–6.3). Four sites were baited with Raboral V-RG® vaccine for wild jackals, using fishmeal polymer and chicken heads. Baits were distributed by hand or from vehicle at three sites in north-eastern South Africa, with an average baiting density of 4.4 baits/km2 and at one site in central South Africa, at 0.12 baits/km2. This resulted in protective antibody titres in 3/11 jackals (27%; 95% Cl: 6–61) trapped between 3 and 12 months after baiting in north-eastern South Africa, compared with 4/7 jackals (57%; 95% Cl: 18–90) trapped after 3–18 months in central South Africa. This study shows the potential utility of oral rabies vaccination for the control of wildlife-associated rabies in north-eastern and central South Africa, but extensive studies with wider distribution of bait are needed to assess its potential impact on rabies control in wild jackals. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-12T02:27:32Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-120f55fd74e24f219264c48306601659 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0030-2465 2219-0635 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-12T02:27:32Z |
| publishDate | 2022-02-01 |
| publisher | AOSIS |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-120f55fd74e24f219264c483066016592022-12-22T00:41:30ZengAOSISOnderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research0030-24652219-06352022-02-01891e1e910.4102/ojvr.v89i1.1975675Antibody response to Raboral VR-G® oral rabies vaccine in captive and free-ranging black-backed jackals (Canis mesomelas)Katja N. Koeppel0Peter Geertsma1Brian F. Kuhn2Ockert L. van Schalkwyk3Peter N. Thompson4Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa; and, Centre for Veterinary Wildlife Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, OnderstepoortVeterinary Services, Department of Agriculture and Rural Development, Government of South Africa, JohannesburgDepartment of Geology, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, JohannesburgOffice of the State Veterinarian, Department of Agriculture, Land Reform and Rural Development, Government of South Africa, Skukuza, South Africa; and, Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa; and, Department of Migration, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, RadolfzellDepartment of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, OnderstepoortRabies is a zoonotic disease that remains endemic in large parts of southern Africa because of its persistence in wildlife and domestic dog vectors. The black-backed jackals (Canis mesomelas) is primarily the wildlife vector responsible for rabies outbreaks in northern parts of South Africa. Two trials were carried out to investigate antibody responses to the oral rabies vaccine Raboral V-RG® in black-backed jackals under captive and free-ranging conditions. In captive jackals 10/12 (83%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 52% – 98%), seroconverted after single oral vaccination. Nine captive jackals had protective antibody titres ( 0.5 IU/mL) at 4 weeks (median: 2.1 IU/mL; inter quartile range [IQR]: 0.6–5.7) and 10 jackals had at 12 weeks (median: 3.5 IU/mL; IQR: 1.5–8.3) and three maintained antibody titres for up to 48 weeks (median: 3.4 IU/mL; IQR: 2.0–6.3). Four sites were baited with Raboral V-RG® vaccine for wild jackals, using fishmeal polymer and chicken heads. Baits were distributed by hand or from vehicle at three sites in north-eastern South Africa, with an average baiting density of 4.4 baits/km2 and at one site in central South Africa, at 0.12 baits/km2. This resulted in protective antibody titres in 3/11 jackals (27%; 95% Cl: 6–61) trapped between 3 and 12 months after baiting in north-eastern South Africa, compared with 4/7 jackals (57%; 95% Cl: 18–90) trapped after 3–18 months in central South Africa. This study shows the potential utility of oral rabies vaccination for the control of wildlife-associated rabies in north-eastern and central South Africa, but extensive studies with wider distribution of bait are needed to assess its potential impact on rabies control in wild jackals.https://ojvr.org/index.php/ojvr/article/view/1975black-backed jackalcanis mesomelasoral baitrabiessouth africavaccination |
| spellingShingle | Katja N. Koeppel Peter Geertsma Brian F. Kuhn Ockert L. van Schalkwyk Peter N. Thompson Antibody response to Raboral VR-G® oral rabies vaccine in captive and free-ranging black-backed jackals (Canis mesomelas) Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research black-backed jackal canis mesomelas oral bait rabies south africa vaccination |
| title | Antibody response to Raboral VR-G® oral rabies vaccine in captive and free-ranging black-backed jackals (Canis mesomelas) |
| title_full | Antibody response to Raboral VR-G® oral rabies vaccine in captive and free-ranging black-backed jackals (Canis mesomelas) |
| title_fullStr | Antibody response to Raboral VR-G® oral rabies vaccine in captive and free-ranging black-backed jackals (Canis mesomelas) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Antibody response to Raboral VR-G® oral rabies vaccine in captive and free-ranging black-backed jackals (Canis mesomelas) |
| title_short | Antibody response to Raboral VR-G® oral rabies vaccine in captive and free-ranging black-backed jackals (Canis mesomelas) |
| title_sort | antibody response to raboral vr g r oral rabies vaccine in captive and free ranging black backed jackals canis mesomelas |
| topic | black-backed jackal canis mesomelas oral bait rabies south africa vaccination |
| url | https://ojvr.org/index.php/ojvr/article/view/1975 |
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