The method simulating spontaneous pain in patients with nociplastic pain using rats with fibromyalgia-like condition
The method shown in this article simulates spontaneous pain in patients with nociplastic pain using rats; the measurement with this method could be related to better translation of analgesic efficacies of therapeutic compounds between rats and humans. Nociplastic pain occurs in various disorders inc...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2020-01-01
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| Series: | MethodsX |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2215016120300467 |
| _version_ | 1818563457525481472 |
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| author | Shigeharu Tanei Machiko Miwa Miku Yoshida Reina Miura Yukinori Nagakura |
| author_facet | Shigeharu Tanei Machiko Miwa Miku Yoshida Reina Miura Yukinori Nagakura |
| author_sort | Shigeharu Tanei |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The method shown in this article simulates spontaneous pain in patients with nociplastic pain using rats; the measurement with this method could be related to better translation of analgesic efficacies of therapeutic compounds between rats and humans. Nociplastic pain occurs in various disorders including fibromyalgia. Because the pain in patients occurs without an external stimulus, we assessed spontaneous pain in rats. The grimace scale, a methodology for rating facial expression, has been used for measuring spontaneous pain in animals. However, the responses in animals have been rather short-lived, and the scale has never been applied to animals exhibiting nociplastic pain. Here, we apply the rat grimace scale (RGS) to the reserpine-induced fibromyalgia-like rat, which induces nociplastic pain. The ratings of the orbital tightening, nose/cheek flattening, and changes in characteristics of ears and whiskers by three raters, who were blinded to the treatment allocated to rats, demonstrated substantial, long-lasting change in facial expression of rats. In this article, reference images for raters, and sample images used for rater training are provided. All raters independently indicated that the RGS score is significantly elevated with this methodology in reserpine-induced fibromyalgia-like rats. • The grimace scale, a method for rating facial expression, is applied to the reserpine-induced fibromyalgia-like rat, which manifests nociplastic pain. • Facial expression change in the reserpine-induced fibromyalgia-like rat is substantial and long-lasting. • Elevation of the RGS score in the reserpine-induced fibromyalgia-like rat may simulate spontaneous pain in patients with nociplastic pain. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-14T01:16:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-121393333a6840c4b7f0215fa2831405 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2215-0161 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-14T01:16:47Z |
| publishDate | 2020-01-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | MethodsX |
| spelling | doaj.art-121393333a6840c4b7f0215fa28314052022-12-21T23:22:33ZengElsevierMethodsX2215-01612020-01-017100826The method simulating spontaneous pain in patients with nociplastic pain using rats with fibromyalgia-like conditionShigeharu Tanei0Machiko Miwa1Miku Yoshida2Reina Miura3Yukinori Nagakura4Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aomori University, 2-3-1 Kohbata, Aomori 030-0943 Japan; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nihon Pharmaceutical University, 10281 Komuro, Ina-machi, Kitaadachi-gun, Saitama 362-0806, JapanFaculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aomori University, 2-3-1 Kohbata, Aomori 030-0943 JapanFaculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aomori University, 2-3-1 Kohbata, Aomori 030-0943 JapanFaculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aomori University, 2-3-1 Kohbata, Aomori 030-0943 JapanFaculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aomori University, 2-3-1 Kohbata, Aomori 030-0943 Japan; School of Pharmacy, International University of Health and Welfare, 2600-1 Kitakanemaru, Ohtawara, Tochigi 324-8501, Japan; School of Pharmacy in Fukuoka, International University of Health and Welfare, 137-1 Enokizu, Okawa-city, Fukuoka 831-8501, Japan; Corresponding author at: School of Pharmacy in Fukuoka, International University of Health and Welfare, 137-1 Enokizu, Okawa-city, Fukuoka 831-8501, Japan.The method shown in this article simulates spontaneous pain in patients with nociplastic pain using rats; the measurement with this method could be related to better translation of analgesic efficacies of therapeutic compounds between rats and humans. Nociplastic pain occurs in various disorders including fibromyalgia. Because the pain in patients occurs without an external stimulus, we assessed spontaneous pain in rats. The grimace scale, a methodology for rating facial expression, has been used for measuring spontaneous pain in animals. However, the responses in animals have been rather short-lived, and the scale has never been applied to animals exhibiting nociplastic pain. Here, we apply the rat grimace scale (RGS) to the reserpine-induced fibromyalgia-like rat, which induces nociplastic pain. The ratings of the orbital tightening, nose/cheek flattening, and changes in characteristics of ears and whiskers by three raters, who were blinded to the treatment allocated to rats, demonstrated substantial, long-lasting change in facial expression of rats. In this article, reference images for raters, and sample images used for rater training are provided. All raters independently indicated that the RGS score is significantly elevated with this methodology in reserpine-induced fibromyalgia-like rats. • The grimace scale, a method for rating facial expression, is applied to the reserpine-induced fibromyalgia-like rat, which manifests nociplastic pain. • Facial expression change in the reserpine-induced fibromyalgia-like rat is substantial and long-lasting. • Elevation of the RGS score in the reserpine-induced fibromyalgia-like rat may simulate spontaneous pain in patients with nociplastic pain.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2215016120300467Nociplastic painSpontaneous painFibromyalgia-like ratGrimace scaleLong-lasting painEfficacy translation |
| spellingShingle | Shigeharu Tanei Machiko Miwa Miku Yoshida Reina Miura Yukinori Nagakura The method simulating spontaneous pain in patients with nociplastic pain using rats with fibromyalgia-like condition MethodsX Nociplastic pain Spontaneous pain Fibromyalgia-like rat Grimace scale Long-lasting pain Efficacy translation |
| title | The method simulating spontaneous pain in patients with nociplastic pain using rats with fibromyalgia-like condition |
| title_full | The method simulating spontaneous pain in patients with nociplastic pain using rats with fibromyalgia-like condition |
| title_fullStr | The method simulating spontaneous pain in patients with nociplastic pain using rats with fibromyalgia-like condition |
| title_full_unstemmed | The method simulating spontaneous pain in patients with nociplastic pain using rats with fibromyalgia-like condition |
| title_short | The method simulating spontaneous pain in patients with nociplastic pain using rats with fibromyalgia-like condition |
| title_sort | method simulating spontaneous pain in patients with nociplastic pain using rats with fibromyalgia like condition |
| topic | Nociplastic pain Spontaneous pain Fibromyalgia-like rat Grimace scale Long-lasting pain Efficacy translation |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2215016120300467 |
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