In Vivo Hypoglycemic Effects, Potential Mechanisms and LC-MS/MS Analysis of <i>Dendropanax Trifidus</i> Sap Extract
Extracts of medicinal plants have been widely used to benefit human health. <i>Dendropanax morbiferus</i> (DM) has been well-studied for its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects, while <i>Dendropanax trifidus</i> (DT) is a lesser-known ecotype phylogenetically similar...
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MDPI AG
2021-11-01
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| author | Ahreum Lee Yuki Sugiura Ik-Hyun Cho Noriko Setou Eugene Koh Gyun Jee Song Seungheun Lee Hyun-Jeong Yang |
| author_facet | Ahreum Lee Yuki Sugiura Ik-Hyun Cho Noriko Setou Eugene Koh Gyun Jee Song Seungheun Lee Hyun-Jeong Yang |
| author_sort | Ahreum Lee |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Extracts of medicinal plants have been widely used to benefit human health. <i>Dendropanax morbiferus</i> (DM) has been well-studied for its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects, while <i>Dendropanax trifidus</i> (DT) is a lesser-known ecotype phylogenetically similar to DM, which has received significantly less attention. Studies thus far have primarily focused on leaf and bark extracts of DM, and not much is yet known about the properties of either DM or DT sap. Therefore, here we performed in vivo toxicity and efficacy studies, in order to assess the biological effects of DT sap. To establish a safe dosage range, single dose or two-week daily administrations of various concentrations were performed for ICR mice. Measurements of survival ratio, body/organ weight, blood chemistry, histochemistry and Western blots were performed. A concentration of ≤0.5 mg/g DT sap was found to be safe for long-term administration. Interestingly, DT sap significantly reduced blood glucose in female mice. In addition, increasing concentrations of DT sap decreased phosphorylated (p) insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1(ser1101)/IRS-1 in liver tissues, while increasing pAMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/AMPK in both the liver and spleen. To analyze its components, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry of DT sap was performed in comparison with <i>Acer saccharum</i> (AS) sap. Components such as estradiol, trenbolone, farnesol, dienogest, 2-hydroxyestradiol and linoleic acid were found to be highly enriched in DT sap compared to AS sap. Our results indicate DT sap exhibits hypoglycemic effects, which may be due to the abundance of the bioactive components. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:24:05Z |
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| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:24:05Z |
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| series | Nutrients |
| spelling | doaj.art-1213f2ec2a8849df8a0929c3d22eb5e62023-11-23T09:56:15ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432021-11-011312433210.3390/nu13124332In Vivo Hypoglycemic Effects, Potential Mechanisms and LC-MS/MS Analysis of <i>Dendropanax Trifidus</i> Sap ExtractAhreum Lee0Yuki Sugiura1Ik-Hyun Cho2Noriko Setou3Eugene Koh4Gyun Jee Song5Seungheun Lee6Hyun-Jeong Yang7Korea Institute of Brain Science, Seoul 06022, KoreaDepartment of Biochemistry and Integrative Medical Biology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo 160-8582, JapanDepartment of Convergence Korean Medical Science, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, KoreaDepartment of Disaster Psychiatry, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, JapanTemasek Life Sciences Laboratories, Singapore 117604, SingaporeDepartment of Medical Science, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, Gangneung 25601, KoreaKorea Institute of Brain Science, Seoul 06022, KoreaKorea Institute of Brain Science, Seoul 06022, KoreaExtracts of medicinal plants have been widely used to benefit human health. <i>Dendropanax morbiferus</i> (DM) has been well-studied for its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects, while <i>Dendropanax trifidus</i> (DT) is a lesser-known ecotype phylogenetically similar to DM, which has received significantly less attention. Studies thus far have primarily focused on leaf and bark extracts of DM, and not much is yet known about the properties of either DM or DT sap. Therefore, here we performed in vivo toxicity and efficacy studies, in order to assess the biological effects of DT sap. To establish a safe dosage range, single dose or two-week daily administrations of various concentrations were performed for ICR mice. Measurements of survival ratio, body/organ weight, blood chemistry, histochemistry and Western blots were performed. A concentration of ≤0.5 mg/g DT sap was found to be safe for long-term administration. Interestingly, DT sap significantly reduced blood glucose in female mice. In addition, increasing concentrations of DT sap decreased phosphorylated (p) insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1(ser1101)/IRS-1 in liver tissues, while increasing pAMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/AMPK in both the liver and spleen. To analyze its components, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry of DT sap was performed in comparison with <i>Acer saccharum</i> (AS) sap. Components such as estradiol, trenbolone, farnesol, dienogest, 2-hydroxyestradiol and linoleic acid were found to be highly enriched in DT sap compared to AS sap. Our results indicate DT sap exhibits hypoglycemic effects, which may be due to the abundance of the bioactive components.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/12/4332<i>Dendropanax trifidus</i><i>Dendropanax morbiferus</i>in vivo toxicityblood glucoseLC-MS/MSAMPK |
| spellingShingle | Ahreum Lee Yuki Sugiura Ik-Hyun Cho Noriko Setou Eugene Koh Gyun Jee Song Seungheun Lee Hyun-Jeong Yang In Vivo Hypoglycemic Effects, Potential Mechanisms and LC-MS/MS Analysis of <i>Dendropanax Trifidus</i> Sap Extract Nutrients <i>Dendropanax trifidus</i> <i>Dendropanax morbiferus</i> in vivo toxicity blood glucose LC-MS/MS AMPK |
| title | In Vivo Hypoglycemic Effects, Potential Mechanisms and LC-MS/MS Analysis of <i>Dendropanax Trifidus</i> Sap Extract |
| title_full | In Vivo Hypoglycemic Effects, Potential Mechanisms and LC-MS/MS Analysis of <i>Dendropanax Trifidus</i> Sap Extract |
| title_fullStr | In Vivo Hypoglycemic Effects, Potential Mechanisms and LC-MS/MS Analysis of <i>Dendropanax Trifidus</i> Sap Extract |
| title_full_unstemmed | In Vivo Hypoglycemic Effects, Potential Mechanisms and LC-MS/MS Analysis of <i>Dendropanax Trifidus</i> Sap Extract |
| title_short | In Vivo Hypoglycemic Effects, Potential Mechanisms and LC-MS/MS Analysis of <i>Dendropanax Trifidus</i> Sap Extract |
| title_sort | in vivo hypoglycemic effects potential mechanisms and lc ms ms analysis of i dendropanax trifidus i sap extract |
| topic | <i>Dendropanax trifidus</i> <i>Dendropanax morbiferus</i> in vivo toxicity blood glucose LC-MS/MS AMPK |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/12/4332 |
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