Chromosomal Instability in Genome Evolution: From Cancer to Macroevolution
The integrity of the genome is crucial for the survival of all living organisms. However, genomes need to adapt to survive certain pressures, and for this purpose use several mechanisms to diversify. Chromosomal instability (CIN) is one of the main mechanisms leading to the creation of genomic heter...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-04-01
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| Series: | Biology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/12/5/671 |
| _version_ | 1797600972272304128 |
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| author | Valentine Comaills Maikel Castellano-Pozo |
| author_facet | Valentine Comaills Maikel Castellano-Pozo |
| author_sort | Valentine Comaills |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The integrity of the genome is crucial for the survival of all living organisms. However, genomes need to adapt to survive certain pressures, and for this purpose use several mechanisms to diversify. Chromosomal instability (CIN) is one of the main mechanisms leading to the creation of genomic heterogeneity by altering the number of chromosomes and changing their structures. In this review, we will discuss the different chromosomal patterns and changes observed in speciation, in evolutional biology as well as during tumor progression. By nature, the human genome shows an induction of diversity during gametogenesis but as well during tumorigenesis that can conclude in drastic changes such as the whole genome doubling to more discrete changes as the complex chromosomal rearrangement chromothripsis. More importantly, changes observed during speciation are strikingly similar to the genomic evolution observed during tumor progression and resistance to therapy. The different origins of CIN will be treated as the importance of double-strand breaks (DSBs) or the consequences of micronuclei. We will also explain the mechanisms behind the controlled DSBs, and recombination of homologous chromosomes observed during meiosis, to explain how errors lead to similar patterns observed during tumorigenesis. Then, we will also list several diseases associated with CIN, resulting in fertility issues, miscarriage, rare genetic diseases, and cancer. Understanding better chromosomal instability as a whole is primordial for the understanding of mechanisms leading to tumor progression. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:55:22Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-121be11d8d1d4c6abcf3470aa166c183 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-7737 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:55:22Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biology |
| spelling | doaj.art-121be11d8d1d4c6abcf3470aa166c1832023-11-18T00:32:46ZengMDPI AGBiology2079-77372023-04-0112567110.3390/biology12050671Chromosomal Instability in Genome Evolution: From Cancer to MacroevolutionValentine Comaills0Maikel Castellano-Pozo1Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine—CABIMER, University of Pablo de Olavide—University of Seville—CSIC, Junta de Andalucía, 41092 Seville, SpainAndalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine—CABIMER, University of Pablo de Olavide—University of Seville—CSIC, Junta de Andalucía, 41092 Seville, SpainThe integrity of the genome is crucial for the survival of all living organisms. However, genomes need to adapt to survive certain pressures, and for this purpose use several mechanisms to diversify. Chromosomal instability (CIN) is one of the main mechanisms leading to the creation of genomic heterogeneity by altering the number of chromosomes and changing their structures. In this review, we will discuss the different chromosomal patterns and changes observed in speciation, in evolutional biology as well as during tumor progression. By nature, the human genome shows an induction of diversity during gametogenesis but as well during tumorigenesis that can conclude in drastic changes such as the whole genome doubling to more discrete changes as the complex chromosomal rearrangement chromothripsis. More importantly, changes observed during speciation are strikingly similar to the genomic evolution observed during tumor progression and resistance to therapy. The different origins of CIN will be treated as the importance of double-strand breaks (DSBs) or the consequences of micronuclei. We will also explain the mechanisms behind the controlled DSBs, and recombination of homologous chromosomes observed during meiosis, to explain how errors lead to similar patterns observed during tumorigenesis. Then, we will also list several diseases associated with CIN, resulting in fertility issues, miscarriage, rare genetic diseases, and cancer. Understanding better chromosomal instability as a whole is primordial for the understanding of mechanisms leading to tumor progression.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/12/5/671chromosomal instabilitycancergenome evolutionspeciationstructural variantmeiosis |
| spellingShingle | Valentine Comaills Maikel Castellano-Pozo Chromosomal Instability in Genome Evolution: From Cancer to Macroevolution Biology chromosomal instability cancer genome evolution speciation structural variant meiosis |
| title | Chromosomal Instability in Genome Evolution: From Cancer to Macroevolution |
| title_full | Chromosomal Instability in Genome Evolution: From Cancer to Macroevolution |
| title_fullStr | Chromosomal Instability in Genome Evolution: From Cancer to Macroevolution |
| title_full_unstemmed | Chromosomal Instability in Genome Evolution: From Cancer to Macroevolution |
| title_short | Chromosomal Instability in Genome Evolution: From Cancer to Macroevolution |
| title_sort | chromosomal instability in genome evolution from cancer to macroevolution |
| topic | chromosomal instability cancer genome evolution speciation structural variant meiosis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/12/5/671 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT valentinecomaills chromosomalinstabilityingenomeevolutionfromcancertomacroevolution AT maikelcastellanopozo chromosomalinstabilityingenomeevolutionfromcancertomacroevolution |