In Situ LA-ICP-MS of Zoned Garnets from the Huanggang Skarn Iron–Tin Polymetallic Deposit, Southeastern Mongolia, Northern China
The Huanggang deposit is the most important and largest skarn Fe–Sn polymetallic deposit in the Southern Great Xing’an Range of Northeast China. Cassiterite, magnetite, and other metal minerals are related to the garnets within skarn systems. The zoned garnets from various skarn stages are able to r...
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Minerals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-163X/13/3/450 |
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| author | Wei Mei Banxiao Ruan Hongyu Liu |
| author_facet | Wei Mei Banxiao Ruan Hongyu Liu |
| author_sort | Wei Mei |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The Huanggang deposit is the most important and largest skarn Fe–Sn polymetallic deposit in the Southern Great Xing’an Range of Northeast China. Cassiterite, magnetite, and other metal minerals are related to the garnets within skarn systems. The zoned garnets from various skarn stages are able to record numerous geological and mineralizing processes including variations in physicochemical conditions and hydrothermal fluid evolution. In this contribution, we present the mineralogy, systematic major, trace, and rare earth element (REE) concentrations of zoned garnets from the Huanggang Fe–Sn polymetallic skarn deposit. The in situ analytical results of garnets in the prograde skarn stage from andradite core (Grt I) to grossular rim (Grt II) reveal that core sections were formed from a fluid that was generally LREE-rich, with relatively high ∑REE, high LREE/HREE ratios, and weak negative Eu anomalies, whereas rim sections were crystallized from a fluid that was typically HREE-rich, with relatively low ∑REE, low LREE/HREE ratios, and obviously negative Eu anomalies. The garnets of the retrograde skarn stage from Fe<sup>3+</sup>-rich andradite core (Grt III) to andradite rim (Grt IV) demonstrate that the core sections have a flat trend with high ∑REE and obvious negative Eu anomalies, whereas rim sections were formed from a fluid with relatively low ∑REE, HREE-rich and obviously negative Eu anomalies. The garnets from the prograde skarn stage principally display relatively lower U and higher Y and F concentrations than those from the retrograde skarn stage. Based on optical and textural characteristics, REE patterns, Eu anomalies, and trace element variations in zoned garnets, it can be shown that, during skarn formation, Huanggang hydrothermal fluids shifted from near-neutral pH, oxidizing conditions, and high W/R ratios with relatively low LREE/HREE ratios characteristics to acidic, reducing conditions, and low W/R ratios with relatively high LREE/HREE ratios characteristics. We infer that variations in fluid compositions and physicochemical conditions may exert major control on formation and evolution of garnets and skarn hydrothermal fluids. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:07:59Z |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:07:59Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-122018d04b564a82ac06c974a93be8582023-11-17T12:48:46ZengMDPI AGMinerals2075-163X2023-03-0113345010.3390/min13030450In Situ LA-ICP-MS of Zoned Garnets from the Huanggang Skarn Iron–Tin Polymetallic Deposit, Southeastern Mongolia, Northern ChinaWei Mei0Banxiao Ruan1Hongyu Liu2The Institute of Geological Survey of China, University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, ChinaThe Institute of Geological Survey of China, University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, ChinaSchool of Earth Resources of China, University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, ChinaThe Huanggang deposit is the most important and largest skarn Fe–Sn polymetallic deposit in the Southern Great Xing’an Range of Northeast China. Cassiterite, magnetite, and other metal minerals are related to the garnets within skarn systems. The zoned garnets from various skarn stages are able to record numerous geological and mineralizing processes including variations in physicochemical conditions and hydrothermal fluid evolution. In this contribution, we present the mineralogy, systematic major, trace, and rare earth element (REE) concentrations of zoned garnets from the Huanggang Fe–Sn polymetallic skarn deposit. The in situ analytical results of garnets in the prograde skarn stage from andradite core (Grt I) to grossular rim (Grt II) reveal that core sections were formed from a fluid that was generally LREE-rich, with relatively high ∑REE, high LREE/HREE ratios, and weak negative Eu anomalies, whereas rim sections were crystallized from a fluid that was typically HREE-rich, with relatively low ∑REE, low LREE/HREE ratios, and obviously negative Eu anomalies. The garnets of the retrograde skarn stage from Fe<sup>3+</sup>-rich andradite core (Grt III) to andradite rim (Grt IV) demonstrate that the core sections have a flat trend with high ∑REE and obvious negative Eu anomalies, whereas rim sections were formed from a fluid with relatively low ∑REE, HREE-rich and obviously negative Eu anomalies. The garnets from the prograde skarn stage principally display relatively lower U and higher Y and F concentrations than those from the retrograde skarn stage. Based on optical and textural characteristics, REE patterns, Eu anomalies, and trace element variations in zoned garnets, it can be shown that, during skarn formation, Huanggang hydrothermal fluids shifted from near-neutral pH, oxidizing conditions, and high W/R ratios with relatively low LREE/HREE ratios characteristics to acidic, reducing conditions, and low W/R ratios with relatively high LREE/HREE ratios characteristics. We infer that variations in fluid compositions and physicochemical conditions may exert major control on formation and evolution of garnets and skarn hydrothermal fluids.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-163X/13/3/450LA-ICP-MS trace elementzoned garnetHuanggang skarn depositSouthern Great Xing’an Range |
| spellingShingle | Wei Mei Banxiao Ruan Hongyu Liu In Situ LA-ICP-MS of Zoned Garnets from the Huanggang Skarn Iron–Tin Polymetallic Deposit, Southeastern Mongolia, Northern China Minerals LA-ICP-MS trace element zoned garnet Huanggang skarn deposit Southern Great Xing’an Range |
| title | In Situ LA-ICP-MS of Zoned Garnets from the Huanggang Skarn Iron–Tin Polymetallic Deposit, Southeastern Mongolia, Northern China |
| title_full | In Situ LA-ICP-MS of Zoned Garnets from the Huanggang Skarn Iron–Tin Polymetallic Deposit, Southeastern Mongolia, Northern China |
| title_fullStr | In Situ LA-ICP-MS of Zoned Garnets from the Huanggang Skarn Iron–Tin Polymetallic Deposit, Southeastern Mongolia, Northern China |
| title_full_unstemmed | In Situ LA-ICP-MS of Zoned Garnets from the Huanggang Skarn Iron–Tin Polymetallic Deposit, Southeastern Mongolia, Northern China |
| title_short | In Situ LA-ICP-MS of Zoned Garnets from the Huanggang Skarn Iron–Tin Polymetallic Deposit, Southeastern Mongolia, Northern China |
| title_sort | in situ la icp ms of zoned garnets from the huanggang skarn iron tin polymetallic deposit southeastern mongolia northern china |
| topic | LA-ICP-MS trace element zoned garnet Huanggang skarn deposit Southern Great Xing’an Range |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-163X/13/3/450 |
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