Numerical Modeling and Simulation of Non-Invasive Acupuncture Therapy Utilizing Near-Infrared Light-Emitting Diode
Acupuncture is one of the most extensively used complementary and alternative medicine therapies worldwide. In this study, we explore the use of near-infrared light-emitting diodes (LEDs) to provide acupuncture-like physical stimulus to the skin tissue, but in a completely non-invasive way. A comput...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-07-01
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| Series: | Bioengineering |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5354/10/7/837 |
| _version_ | 1797590207573262336 |
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| author | Sundeep Singh Andres Escobar Zexi Wang Zhiyi Zhang Chundra Ramful Chang-Qing Xu |
| author_facet | Sundeep Singh Andres Escobar Zexi Wang Zhiyi Zhang Chundra Ramful Chang-Qing Xu |
| author_sort | Sundeep Singh |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Acupuncture is one of the most extensively used complementary and alternative medicine therapies worldwide. In this study, we explore the use of near-infrared light-emitting diodes (LEDs) to provide acupuncture-like physical stimulus to the skin tissue, but in a completely non-invasive way. A computational modeling framework has been developed to investigate the light-tissue interaction within a three-dimensional multi-layer model of skin tissue. Finite element-based analysis has been conducted, to obtain the spatiotemporal temperature distribution within the skin tissue, by solving Pennes’ bioheat transfer equation, coupled with the Beer-Lambert law. The irradiation profile of the LED has been experimentally characterized and imposed in the numerical model. The experimental validation of the developed model has been conducted through comparing the numerical model predictions with those obtained experimentally on the agar phantom. The effects of the LED power, treatment duration, LED distance from the skin surface, and usage of multiple LEDs on the temperature distribution attained within the skin tissue have been systematically investigated, highlighting the safe operating power of the selected LEDs. The presented information about the spatiotemporal temperature distribution, and critical factors affecting it, would assist in better optimizing the desired thermal dosage, thereby enabling a safe and effective LED-based photothermal therapy. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:17:16Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-12210321d3c843aaadd324327ea6f192 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2306-5354 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:17:16Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Bioengineering |
| spelling | doaj.art-12210321d3c843aaadd324327ea6f1922023-11-18T18:22:03ZengMDPI AGBioengineering2306-53542023-07-0110783710.3390/bioengineering10070837Numerical Modeling and Simulation of Non-Invasive Acupuncture Therapy Utilizing Near-Infrared Light-Emitting DiodeSundeep Singh0Andres Escobar1Zexi Wang2Zhiyi Zhang3Chundra Ramful4Chang-Qing Xu5Faculty of Sustainable Design Engineering, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, CanadaDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, CanadaDepartment of Engineering Physics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, CanadaAdvanced Electronics and Photonics Research Center, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, CanadaAdvanced Electronics and Photonics Research Center, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, CanadaDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, CanadaAcupuncture is one of the most extensively used complementary and alternative medicine therapies worldwide. In this study, we explore the use of near-infrared light-emitting diodes (LEDs) to provide acupuncture-like physical stimulus to the skin tissue, but in a completely non-invasive way. A computational modeling framework has been developed to investigate the light-tissue interaction within a three-dimensional multi-layer model of skin tissue. Finite element-based analysis has been conducted, to obtain the spatiotemporal temperature distribution within the skin tissue, by solving Pennes’ bioheat transfer equation, coupled with the Beer-Lambert law. The irradiation profile of the LED has been experimentally characterized and imposed in the numerical model. The experimental validation of the developed model has been conducted through comparing the numerical model predictions with those obtained experimentally on the agar phantom. The effects of the LED power, treatment duration, LED distance from the skin surface, and usage of multiple LEDs on the temperature distribution attained within the skin tissue have been systematically investigated, highlighting the safe operating power of the selected LEDs. The presented information about the spatiotemporal temperature distribution, and critical factors affecting it, would assist in better optimizing the desired thermal dosage, thereby enabling a safe and effective LED-based photothermal therapy.https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5354/10/7/837bio-heat transferlight-tissue interactionphotothermal effectacupunctureacupointsthermal therapy |
| spellingShingle | Sundeep Singh Andres Escobar Zexi Wang Zhiyi Zhang Chundra Ramful Chang-Qing Xu Numerical Modeling and Simulation of Non-Invasive Acupuncture Therapy Utilizing Near-Infrared Light-Emitting Diode Bioengineering bio-heat transfer light-tissue interaction photothermal effect acupuncture acupoints thermal therapy |
| title | Numerical Modeling and Simulation of Non-Invasive Acupuncture Therapy Utilizing Near-Infrared Light-Emitting Diode |
| title_full | Numerical Modeling and Simulation of Non-Invasive Acupuncture Therapy Utilizing Near-Infrared Light-Emitting Diode |
| title_fullStr | Numerical Modeling and Simulation of Non-Invasive Acupuncture Therapy Utilizing Near-Infrared Light-Emitting Diode |
| title_full_unstemmed | Numerical Modeling and Simulation of Non-Invasive Acupuncture Therapy Utilizing Near-Infrared Light-Emitting Diode |
| title_short | Numerical Modeling and Simulation of Non-Invasive Acupuncture Therapy Utilizing Near-Infrared Light-Emitting Diode |
| title_sort | numerical modeling and simulation of non invasive acupuncture therapy utilizing near infrared light emitting diode |
| topic | bio-heat transfer light-tissue interaction photothermal effect acupuncture acupoints thermal therapy |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5354/10/7/837 |
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