Unstable Object Points during Measurements—Deformation Analysis Based on Pseudo Epoch Approach
Deformation analysis or point movement checking is the basis for monitoring ground or engineering structures. There are several approaches to conducting deformation analysis, which differ from each other in measurement techniques or data processing. Usually, they are based on geodetic observables co...
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| Formato: | Artigo |
| Idioma: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-11-01
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| Colecção: | Sensors |
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| Acesso em linha: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/23/9030 |
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| author | Robert Duchnowski Patrycja Wyszkowska |
| author_facet | Robert Duchnowski Patrycja Wyszkowska |
| author_sort | Robert Duchnowski |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Deformation analysis or point movement checking is the basis for monitoring ground or engineering structures. There are several approaches to conducting deformation analysis, which differ from each other in measurement techniques or data processing. Usually, they are based on geodetic observables conducted in at least two epochs. As such measurements are not “immediate”, it might so happen that a point (or some points) displaces during measurement within one epoch. The point movements might be continuous or sudden. This study focuses on the latter case, where rockburst, mining damages, or newly formed construction faults might cause displacement. To study this, an observation set consisting of measurements performed before and after point displacements is needed. As the actual observation division stays unknown, this can be called pseudo epochs. Such a hypothetical observation set requires special estimation methods. In this work, we examined M<sub>split</sub> estimation and robust methods. The first approach’s advantage is that it provides two variants of the network point coordinates (before and after point movements), hence showing dynamic changes in the geodetic network. The presented empirical analyses confirm that M<sub>split</sub> estimation is a better choice that results in better and more realistic outcomes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:32:32Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-12211920637a40d58f5df1387fd6b566 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:32:32Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-12211920637a40d58f5df1387fd6b5662023-11-24T12:07:17ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202022-11-012223903010.3390/s22239030Unstable Object Points during Measurements—Deformation Analysis Based on Pseudo Epoch ApproachRobert Duchnowski0Patrycja Wyszkowska1Department of Geodesy, Institute of Geodesy and Civil Engineering, Faculty of Geoengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 1 Oczapowskiego Street, 10-719 Olsztyn, PolandDepartment of Geodesy, Institute of Geodesy and Civil Engineering, Faculty of Geoengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 1 Oczapowskiego Street, 10-719 Olsztyn, PolandDeformation analysis or point movement checking is the basis for monitoring ground or engineering structures. There are several approaches to conducting deformation analysis, which differ from each other in measurement techniques or data processing. Usually, they are based on geodetic observables conducted in at least two epochs. As such measurements are not “immediate”, it might so happen that a point (or some points) displaces during measurement within one epoch. The point movements might be continuous or sudden. This study focuses on the latter case, where rockburst, mining damages, or newly formed construction faults might cause displacement. To study this, an observation set consisting of measurements performed before and after point displacements is needed. As the actual observation division stays unknown, this can be called pseudo epochs. Such a hypothetical observation set requires special estimation methods. In this work, we examined M<sub>split</sub> estimation and robust methods. The first approach’s advantage is that it provides two variants of the network point coordinates (before and after point movements), hence showing dynamic changes in the geodetic network. The presented empirical analyses confirm that M<sub>split</sub> estimation is a better choice that results in better and more realistic outcomes.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/23/9030displacement analysispseudo epochsM<sub>split</sub> estimationrobust estimationMonte Carlo simulations |
| spellingShingle | Robert Duchnowski Patrycja Wyszkowska Unstable Object Points during Measurements—Deformation Analysis Based on Pseudo Epoch Approach Sensors displacement analysis pseudo epochs M<sub>split</sub> estimation robust estimation Monte Carlo simulations |
| title | Unstable Object Points during Measurements—Deformation Analysis Based on Pseudo Epoch Approach |
| title_full | Unstable Object Points during Measurements—Deformation Analysis Based on Pseudo Epoch Approach |
| title_fullStr | Unstable Object Points during Measurements—Deformation Analysis Based on Pseudo Epoch Approach |
| title_full_unstemmed | Unstable Object Points during Measurements—Deformation Analysis Based on Pseudo Epoch Approach |
| title_short | Unstable Object Points during Measurements—Deformation Analysis Based on Pseudo Epoch Approach |
| title_sort | unstable object points during measurements deformation analysis based on pseudo epoch approach |
| topic | displacement analysis pseudo epochs M<sub>split</sub> estimation robust estimation Monte Carlo simulations |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/23/9030 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT robertduchnowski unstableobjectpointsduringmeasurementsdeformationanalysisbasedonpseudoepochapproach AT patrycjawyszkowska unstableobjectpointsduringmeasurementsdeformationanalysisbasedonpseudoepochapproach |