One-dimensional Microphysics Model of Venusian Clouds from 40 to 100 km: Impact of the Middle-atmosphere Eddy Transport and SOIR Temperature Profile on the Cloud Structure
We conducted a simulation of H _2 SO _4 vapor, H _2 O vapor, and H _2 SO _4 –H _2 O liquid aerosols from 40 to 100 km, using a 1D Venus cloud microphysics model based on the one detailed in Imamura & Hashimoto. The cloud distribution obtained is in good agreement with in situ observations by Pio...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IOP Publishing
2024-01-01
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| Series: | The Planetary Science Journal |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3847/PSJ/ad25f3 |
| _version_ | 1797289235229704192 |
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| author | Hiroki Karyu Takeshi Kuroda Takeshi Imamura Naoki Terada Ann Carine Vandaele Arnaud Mahieux Sébastien Viscardy |
| author_facet | Hiroki Karyu Takeshi Kuroda Takeshi Imamura Naoki Terada Ann Carine Vandaele Arnaud Mahieux Sébastien Viscardy |
| author_sort | Hiroki Karyu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We conducted a simulation of H _2 SO _4 vapor, H _2 O vapor, and H _2 SO _4 –H _2 O liquid aerosols from 40 to 100 km, using a 1D Venus cloud microphysics model based on the one detailed in Imamura & Hashimoto. The cloud distribution obtained is in good agreement with in situ observations by Pioneer Venus and remote-sensing observations from Venus Express (VEx). Case studies were conducted to investigate sensitivities to atmospheric parameters, including eddy diffusion and temperature profiles. We find that efficient eddy transport is important for determining upper haze population and its microphysical properties. Using the recently updated eddy diffusion coefficient profile by Mahieux et al., our model replicates the observed upper haze distribution. The H _2 O vapor distribution is highly sensitive to the eddy diffusion coefficient in the 60–70 km region. This indicates that updating the eddy diffusion coefficient is crucial for understanding the H _2 O vapor transport through the cloud layer. The H _2 SO _4 vapor abundance varies by several orders of magnitude above 85 km, depending on the temperature profile. However, its maximum value aligns well with observational upper limits found by Sandor et al., pointing to potential sources other than H _2 SO _4 aerosols in the upper haze layer that contribute to the SO _2 inversion layer. The best-fit eddy diffusion profile is determined to be ∼2 m ^2 s ^−1 between 60 and 70 km and ∼360 m ^2 s ^−1 above 85 km. Furthermore, the observed increase of H _2 O vapor concentration above 85 km is reproduced by using the temperature profile from the VEx/SOIR instrument. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T19:02:04Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1232fc8a2f4e415d8707bd227a62b7a7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2632-3338 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T19:02:04Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | The Planetary Science Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-1232fc8a2f4e415d8707bd227a62b7a72024-03-01T13:15:23ZengIOP PublishingThe Planetary Science Journal2632-33382024-01-01535710.3847/PSJ/ad25f3One-dimensional Microphysics Model of Venusian Clouds from 40 to 100 km: Impact of the Middle-atmosphere Eddy Transport and SOIR Temperature Profile on the Cloud StructureHiroki Karyu0https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5148-6248Takeshi Kuroda1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4789-4737Takeshi Imamura2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9470-4492Naoki Terada3https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5685-9736Ann Carine Vandaele4Arnaud Mahieux5Sébastien Viscardy6Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University , Sendai, Japan ; hiroki.karyu.q4@dc.tohoku.ac.jp; Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy , BIRA-IASB, Brussels, BelgiumGraduate School of Science, Tohoku University , Sendai, Japan ; hiroki.karyu.q4@dc.tohoku.ac.jp; Division for the Establishment of Frontier Sciences of Organization for Advanced Studies, Tohoku University , Sendai, JapanGraduate School of Frontier Science, The University of Tokyo , Chiba, JapanGraduate School of Science, Tohoku University , Sendai, Japan ; hiroki.karyu.q4@dc.tohoku.ac.jpGraduate School of Science, Tohoku University , Sendai, Japan ; hiroki.karyu.q4@dc.tohoku.ac.jp; Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy , BIRA-IASB, Brussels, BelgiumRoyal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy , BIRA-IASB, Brussels, Belgium; The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, TX 78712, USARoyal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy , BIRA-IASB, Brussels, BelgiumWe conducted a simulation of H _2 SO _4 vapor, H _2 O vapor, and H _2 SO _4 –H _2 O liquid aerosols from 40 to 100 km, using a 1D Venus cloud microphysics model based on the one detailed in Imamura & Hashimoto. The cloud distribution obtained is in good agreement with in situ observations by Pioneer Venus and remote-sensing observations from Venus Express (VEx). Case studies were conducted to investigate sensitivities to atmospheric parameters, including eddy diffusion and temperature profiles. We find that efficient eddy transport is important for determining upper haze population and its microphysical properties. Using the recently updated eddy diffusion coefficient profile by Mahieux et al., our model replicates the observed upper haze distribution. The H _2 O vapor distribution is highly sensitive to the eddy diffusion coefficient in the 60–70 km region. This indicates that updating the eddy diffusion coefficient is crucial for understanding the H _2 O vapor transport through the cloud layer. The H _2 SO _4 vapor abundance varies by several orders of magnitude above 85 km, depending on the temperature profile. However, its maximum value aligns well with observational upper limits found by Sandor et al., pointing to potential sources other than H _2 SO _4 aerosols in the upper haze layer that contribute to the SO _2 inversion layer. The best-fit eddy diffusion profile is determined to be ∼2 m ^2 s ^−1 between 60 and 70 km and ∼360 m ^2 s ^−1 above 85 km. Furthermore, the observed increase of H _2 O vapor concentration above 85 km is reproduced by using the temperature profile from the VEx/SOIR instrument.https://doi.org/10.3847/PSJ/ad25f3VenusAtmospheric cloudsAtmospheric compositionPlanetary atmospheresAtmospheric evolution |
| spellingShingle | Hiroki Karyu Takeshi Kuroda Takeshi Imamura Naoki Terada Ann Carine Vandaele Arnaud Mahieux Sébastien Viscardy One-dimensional Microphysics Model of Venusian Clouds from 40 to 100 km: Impact of the Middle-atmosphere Eddy Transport and SOIR Temperature Profile on the Cloud Structure The Planetary Science Journal Venus Atmospheric clouds Atmospheric composition Planetary atmospheres Atmospheric evolution |
| title | One-dimensional Microphysics Model of Venusian Clouds from 40 to 100 km: Impact of the Middle-atmosphere Eddy Transport and SOIR Temperature Profile on the Cloud Structure |
| title_full | One-dimensional Microphysics Model of Venusian Clouds from 40 to 100 km: Impact of the Middle-atmosphere Eddy Transport and SOIR Temperature Profile on the Cloud Structure |
| title_fullStr | One-dimensional Microphysics Model of Venusian Clouds from 40 to 100 km: Impact of the Middle-atmosphere Eddy Transport and SOIR Temperature Profile on the Cloud Structure |
| title_full_unstemmed | One-dimensional Microphysics Model of Venusian Clouds from 40 to 100 km: Impact of the Middle-atmosphere Eddy Transport and SOIR Temperature Profile on the Cloud Structure |
| title_short | One-dimensional Microphysics Model of Venusian Clouds from 40 to 100 km: Impact of the Middle-atmosphere Eddy Transport and SOIR Temperature Profile on the Cloud Structure |
| title_sort | one dimensional microphysics model of venusian clouds from 40 to 100 km impact of the middle atmosphere eddy transport and soir temperature profile on the cloud structure |
| topic | Venus Atmospheric clouds Atmospheric composition Planetary atmospheres Atmospheric evolution |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3847/PSJ/ad25f3 |
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