The Suppression of Adjuvant-induced Inflammation and the Inhibition of the Serum and Tissue IL-17, TNF-α and IL-1β levels by Thymol and Carvacrol
Background and Aim: Thymol and carvacrol are two important components of thyme that have multiple medicinal uses. This study investigates the in vivo effects of these natural products on adjuvant-induced inflammation and secretion of interleukin (IL)-17 and key inflammatory cytokines in rats. Mater...
| Main Authors: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Lorestan University of Medical Sciences
2017-06-01
|
| Series: | Herbal Medicines Journal |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://hmj.lums.ac.ir/index.php/hmj/article/view/613 |
| _version_ | 1811202212705075200 |
|---|---|
| author | Nasser Gholijani Zahra Amirghofran* |
| author_facet | Nasser Gholijani Zahra Amirghofran* |
| author_sort | Nasser Gholijani |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background and Aim: Thymol and carvacrol are two important components of thyme that have multiple medicinal uses. This study investigates the in vivo effects of these natural products on adjuvant-induced inflammation and secretion of interleukin (IL)-17 and key inflammatory cytokines in rats.
Materials and Methods: We injected complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) into the hind paws of rats in order to induce inflammation. Each of the CFA-treated rat groups received gavages of thymol, carvacrol, or vehicle (CFA-only group). Rats’ paws and ankle edema were measured and then we were able to determine an inflammatory score based on the results. After 72 h of inflammation induction, sera were collected and subsequently inflamed tissue extracts were prepared for cytokine assay by ELISA.
Results: Both components significantly decreased paw edema in rats (p<0.01). Thymol decreased ankle edema to 61.6% of edema in CFA-only rats (p<0.001). We observed a decreased inflammatory score in the thymol and carvacrol-treated rats. The evaluation of the tissue and serum inflammatory cytokine levels showed that both components decreased tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels (p<0.05). Thymol and carvacrol reduced interleukin (IL)-1β serum and tissue levels, respectively. These components reduced tissue levels of IL-17 from 148.4±13.4pg/ml in CFA-only rats to 90.1±18.9pg/ml (thymol) and 82.3±9.2pg/ml (carvacrol). Both components decreased serum IL-17 levels in rats (p<0.05). In comparison, the anti-inflammatory drug, indomethacin, reduced the inflammatory score and decreased tissue TNF-α and IL-1β levels but did not affect IL-17 production.
Conclusion: Carvacrol and thymol could relieve inflammation symptoms possibly by downregulating serum and tissue IL-17 expression in addition to key pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNFα and IL-1β. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T02:35:03Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-123d551092fa41ce9f29f12a36569a84 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2538-2144 2538-2144 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T02:35:03Z |
| publishDate | 2017-06-01 |
| publisher | Lorestan University of Medical Sciences |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Herbal Medicines Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-123d551092fa41ce9f29f12a36569a842022-12-22T03:51:35ZengLorestan University of Medical SciencesHerbal Medicines Journal2538-21442538-21442017-06-012210.22087/hmj.v0i0.613520The Suppression of Adjuvant-induced Inflammation and the Inhibition of the Serum and Tissue IL-17, TNF-α and IL-1β levels by Thymol and CarvacrolNasser GholijaniZahra Amirghofran*Background and Aim: Thymol and carvacrol are two important components of thyme that have multiple medicinal uses. This study investigates the in vivo effects of these natural products on adjuvant-induced inflammation and secretion of interleukin (IL)-17 and key inflammatory cytokines in rats. Materials and Methods: We injected complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) into the hind paws of rats in order to induce inflammation. Each of the CFA-treated rat groups received gavages of thymol, carvacrol, or vehicle (CFA-only group). Rats’ paws and ankle edema were measured and then we were able to determine an inflammatory score based on the results. After 72 h of inflammation induction, sera were collected and subsequently inflamed tissue extracts were prepared for cytokine assay by ELISA. Results: Both components significantly decreased paw edema in rats (p<0.01). Thymol decreased ankle edema to 61.6% of edema in CFA-only rats (p<0.001). We observed a decreased inflammatory score in the thymol and carvacrol-treated rats. The evaluation of the tissue and serum inflammatory cytokine levels showed that both components decreased tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels (p<0.05). Thymol and carvacrol reduced interleukin (IL)-1β serum and tissue levels, respectively. These components reduced tissue levels of IL-17 from 148.4±13.4pg/ml in CFA-only rats to 90.1±18.9pg/ml (thymol) and 82.3±9.2pg/ml (carvacrol). Both components decreased serum IL-17 levels in rats (p<0.05). In comparison, the anti-inflammatory drug, indomethacin, reduced the inflammatory score and decreased tissue TNF-α and IL-1β levels but did not affect IL-17 production. Conclusion: Carvacrol and thymol could relieve inflammation symptoms possibly by downregulating serum and tissue IL-17 expression in addition to key pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNFα and IL-1β.http://hmj.lums.ac.ir/index.php/hmj/article/view/613Thymol, carvacrol, anti-inflammatory, adjuvant-induced inflammation |
| spellingShingle | Nasser Gholijani Zahra Amirghofran* The Suppression of Adjuvant-induced Inflammation and the Inhibition of the Serum and Tissue IL-17, TNF-α and IL-1β levels by Thymol and Carvacrol Herbal Medicines Journal Thymol, carvacrol, anti-inflammatory, adjuvant-induced inflammation |
| title | The Suppression of Adjuvant-induced Inflammation and the Inhibition of the Serum and Tissue IL-17, TNF-α and IL-1β levels by Thymol and Carvacrol |
| title_full | The Suppression of Adjuvant-induced Inflammation and the Inhibition of the Serum and Tissue IL-17, TNF-α and IL-1β levels by Thymol and Carvacrol |
| title_fullStr | The Suppression of Adjuvant-induced Inflammation and the Inhibition of the Serum and Tissue IL-17, TNF-α and IL-1β levels by Thymol and Carvacrol |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Suppression of Adjuvant-induced Inflammation and the Inhibition of the Serum and Tissue IL-17, TNF-α and IL-1β levels by Thymol and Carvacrol |
| title_short | The Suppression of Adjuvant-induced Inflammation and the Inhibition of the Serum and Tissue IL-17, TNF-α and IL-1β levels by Thymol and Carvacrol |
| title_sort | suppression of adjuvant induced inflammation and the inhibition of the serum and tissue il 17 tnf α and il 1β levels by thymol and carvacrol |
| topic | Thymol, carvacrol, anti-inflammatory, adjuvant-induced inflammation |
| url | http://hmj.lums.ac.ir/index.php/hmj/article/view/613 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT nassergholijani thesuppressionofadjuvantinducedinflammationandtheinhibitionoftheserumandtissueil17tnfaandil1blevelsbythymolandcarvacrol AT zahraamirghofran thesuppressionofadjuvantinducedinflammationandtheinhibitionoftheserumandtissueil17tnfaandil1blevelsbythymolandcarvacrol AT nassergholijani suppressionofadjuvantinducedinflammationandtheinhibitionoftheserumandtissueil17tnfaandil1blevelsbythymolandcarvacrol AT zahraamirghofran suppressionofadjuvantinducedinflammationandtheinhibitionoftheserumandtissueil17tnfaandil1blevelsbythymolandcarvacrol |