On the Ferroelectric to Paraelectric Structural Transition of BaTiO<sub>3</sub> Micro-/Nanoparticles and Their Epoxy Nanocomposites
BaTiO<sub>3</sub> is one of the most widely used ceramic components in capacitor formulation due to its exceptional ferroelectric properties. The structural transition from the ferroelectric tetragonal to the paraelectric cubic phase has been studied in both nano- and micro-BaTiO<sub&...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2020-06-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/25/11/2686 |
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| author | Georgia C. Manika Konstantinos S. Andrikopoulos Georgios C. Psarras |
| author_facet | Georgia C. Manika Konstantinos S. Andrikopoulos Georgios C. Psarras |
| author_sort | Georgia C. Manika |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | BaTiO<sub>3</sub> is one of the most widely used ceramic components in capacitor formulation due to its exceptional ferroelectric properties. The structural transition from the ferroelectric tetragonal to the paraelectric cubic phase has been studied in both nano- and micro-BaTiO<sub>3</sub> particles. Several experimental techniques were employed for characterization purposes (X-ray diffraction-XRD, laser Raman spectroscopy-LRS, differential scanning calorimetry-DSC and broadband dielectric spectroscopy-BDS). All gave evidence for the structural transition from the polar tetragonal to the non-polar cubic phase in both nano- and micro-BaTiO<sub>3</sub> particles. Variation of Full Width at Half Maximum (FWHM) with temperature in XRD peaks was employed for the determination of the critical Curie temperature (T<sub>c</sub>). In micro-BaTiO<sub>3</sub> particles (T<sub>c</sub>) lies close to 120 °C, while in nanoparticles the transition is complicated due to the influence of particles’ size. Below (T<sub>c</sub>) both phases co-exist in nanoparticles. (T<sub>c</sub>) was also determined via the temperature dependence of FWHM and found to be 115 °C. DSC, LRS and BDS provided direct results, indicating the transition in both nano- and micro-BaTiO<sub>3</sub> particles. Finally, the 15 parts per hundred resin per weight (phr) BaTiO<sub>3</sub>/epoxy nanocomposite revealed also the transition through the peak formation at approximately 130 °C in the variation of FWHM with temperature. The present work introduces, for the first time, a qualitative tool for the determination and study of the ferroelectric to paraelectric structural transition in both nano- and micro-ferroelectric particles and in their nanocomposites. Moreover, its novelty lies on the effect of crystals’ size upon the ferroelectric to the paraelectric phase transition and its influence on physical properties of BaTiO<sub>3</sub>. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T19:15:40Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-123d95c30781443ca5686cfcec460cd9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T19:15:40Z |
| publishDate | 2020-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-123d95c30781443ca5686cfcec460cd92023-11-20T03:21:52ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492020-06-012511268610.3390/molecules25112686On the Ferroelectric to Paraelectric Structural Transition of BaTiO<sub>3</sub> Micro-/Nanoparticles and Their Epoxy NanocompositesGeorgia C. Manika0Konstantinos S. Andrikopoulos1Georgios C. Psarras2Smart Materials & Nanodielectrics Laboratory, Department of Materials Science, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, GreeceFoundation for Research & Technology-Hellas (FORTH), Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT), 26504 Patras, GreeceSmart Materials & Nanodielectrics Laboratory, Department of Materials Science, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, GreeceBaTiO<sub>3</sub> is one of the most widely used ceramic components in capacitor formulation due to its exceptional ferroelectric properties. The structural transition from the ferroelectric tetragonal to the paraelectric cubic phase has been studied in both nano- and micro-BaTiO<sub>3</sub> particles. Several experimental techniques were employed for characterization purposes (X-ray diffraction-XRD, laser Raman spectroscopy-LRS, differential scanning calorimetry-DSC and broadband dielectric spectroscopy-BDS). All gave evidence for the structural transition from the polar tetragonal to the non-polar cubic phase in both nano- and micro-BaTiO<sub>3</sub> particles. Variation of Full Width at Half Maximum (FWHM) with temperature in XRD peaks was employed for the determination of the critical Curie temperature (T<sub>c</sub>). In micro-BaTiO<sub>3</sub> particles (T<sub>c</sub>) lies close to 120 °C, while in nanoparticles the transition is complicated due to the influence of particles’ size. Below (T<sub>c</sub>) both phases co-exist in nanoparticles. (T<sub>c</sub>) was also determined via the temperature dependence of FWHM and found to be 115 °C. DSC, LRS and BDS provided direct results, indicating the transition in both nano- and micro-BaTiO<sub>3</sub> particles. Finally, the 15 parts per hundred resin per weight (phr) BaTiO<sub>3</sub>/epoxy nanocomposite revealed also the transition through the peak formation at approximately 130 °C in the variation of FWHM with temperature. The present work introduces, for the first time, a qualitative tool for the determination and study of the ferroelectric to paraelectric structural transition in both nano- and micro-ferroelectric particles and in their nanocomposites. Moreover, its novelty lies on the effect of crystals’ size upon the ferroelectric to the paraelectric phase transition and its influence on physical properties of BaTiO<sub>3</sub>.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/25/11/2686BaTiO<sub>3</sub> particlespolarazitionferroelectric to paraelectric transitionCurie temperatureRaman spectroscopydielectric response |
| spellingShingle | Georgia C. Manika Konstantinos S. Andrikopoulos Georgios C. Psarras On the Ferroelectric to Paraelectric Structural Transition of BaTiO<sub>3</sub> Micro-/Nanoparticles and Their Epoxy Nanocomposites Molecules BaTiO<sub>3</sub> particles polarazition ferroelectric to paraelectric transition Curie temperature Raman spectroscopy dielectric response |
| title | On the Ferroelectric to Paraelectric Structural Transition of BaTiO<sub>3</sub> Micro-/Nanoparticles and Their Epoxy Nanocomposites |
| title_full | On the Ferroelectric to Paraelectric Structural Transition of BaTiO<sub>3</sub> Micro-/Nanoparticles and Their Epoxy Nanocomposites |
| title_fullStr | On the Ferroelectric to Paraelectric Structural Transition of BaTiO<sub>3</sub> Micro-/Nanoparticles and Their Epoxy Nanocomposites |
| title_full_unstemmed | On the Ferroelectric to Paraelectric Structural Transition of BaTiO<sub>3</sub> Micro-/Nanoparticles and Their Epoxy Nanocomposites |
| title_short | On the Ferroelectric to Paraelectric Structural Transition of BaTiO<sub>3</sub> Micro-/Nanoparticles and Their Epoxy Nanocomposites |
| title_sort | on the ferroelectric to paraelectric structural transition of batio sub 3 sub micro nanoparticles and their epoxy nanocomposites |
| topic | BaTiO<sub>3</sub> particles polarazition ferroelectric to paraelectric transition Curie temperature Raman spectroscopy dielectric response |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/25/11/2686 |
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