In vitro anticoccidial activity of nanoencapsulated bromelain against Eimeria spp. oocysts isolated from goats in Kenya
Background and Aim: The emergence of drug-resistant strains of Eimeria spp. calls for the development of novel anticoccidial drugs. Plant extracts provide a possible natural source for such drugs. This study aimed to investigate the in vitro anticoccidial activity of encapsulated bromelain (EB) in c...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Veterinary World
2022-02-01
|
| Series: | Veterinary World |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.veterinaryworld.org/Vol.15/February-2022/21.pdf |
| _version_ | 1819279441696653312 |
|---|---|
| author | Ahmota Romain Daiba John Maina Kagira Maina Ngotho James Kimotho Naomi Maina |
| author_facet | Ahmota Romain Daiba John Maina Kagira Maina Ngotho James Kimotho Naomi Maina |
| author_sort | Ahmota Romain Daiba |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background and Aim: The emergence of drug-resistant strains of Eimeria spp. calls for the development of novel anticoccidial drugs. Plant extracts provide a possible natural source for such drugs. This study aimed to investigate the in vitro anticoccidial activity of encapsulated bromelain (EB) in chitosan nanocarriers on Eimeria spp. oocysts isolated from goats kept by farmers in Kenya.
Materials and Methods: Bromelain was extracted from the peel of ripe pineapples using standard methods. Eimeria spp. oocysts were isolated from the feces of goats using a flotation method. The inhibition of sporulation was assayed after exposing the oocysts to solutions of EB, non-EB (NEB), and diclazuril (positive control) at concentrations between 4 mg/mL and 0.125 mg/mL for 48 h. The oocysts were examined under a microscope (40x) to determine the effects of the drugs on the sporulation process. The percentage of sporulation inhibition was calculated after 48 h and the inhibition concentration 50% (IC50) was determined by probit analysis.
Results: Bromelain manifested anticoccidial activity through the inhibition of the sporulation of coccidia oocysts. EB achieved inhibition with a lower dose compared with NEB. The IC50 values of diclazuril, EB, and NEB were 0.078 mg/mL, 0.225 mg/mL, and 0.575 mg/mL, respectively. There were significant differences (p<0.01) between the IC50 of EB and NEB compared with the standard treatment drug.
Conclusion: This preliminary study showed that EB has anticoccidial activity supporting further evaluation at an in vivo level to develop a novel drug for the management of coccidiosis in goats. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-24T00:27:57Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-124e7daef05945f4b14603504371d807 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0972-8988 2231-0916 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-24T00:27:57Z |
| publishDate | 2022-02-01 |
| publisher | Veterinary World |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Veterinary World |
| spelling | doaj.art-124e7daef05945f4b14603504371d8072022-12-21T17:24:22ZengVeterinary WorldVeterinary World0972-89882231-09162022-02-0115239740210.14202/vetworld.2022.397-402In vitro anticoccidial activity of nanoencapsulated bromelain against Eimeria spp. oocysts isolated from goats in KenyaAhmota Romain Daiba0John Maina Kagira1https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5513-2113Maina Ngotho2James Kimotho3Naomi Maina4https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7577-5140Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Pan-African University of Institute of Basic Science, Technology and Innovation, Nairobi, Kenya.Department of Animal Sciences, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya.Department of Clinical Studies, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya.Innovation and Technology Transfer Division, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya.Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Pan-African University of Institute of Basic Science, Technology and Innovation, Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Biochemistry, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya.Background and Aim: The emergence of drug-resistant strains of Eimeria spp. calls for the development of novel anticoccidial drugs. Plant extracts provide a possible natural source for such drugs. This study aimed to investigate the in vitro anticoccidial activity of encapsulated bromelain (EB) in chitosan nanocarriers on Eimeria spp. oocysts isolated from goats kept by farmers in Kenya. Materials and Methods: Bromelain was extracted from the peel of ripe pineapples using standard methods. Eimeria spp. oocysts were isolated from the feces of goats using a flotation method. The inhibition of sporulation was assayed after exposing the oocysts to solutions of EB, non-EB (NEB), and diclazuril (positive control) at concentrations between 4 mg/mL and 0.125 mg/mL for 48 h. The oocysts were examined under a microscope (40x) to determine the effects of the drugs on the sporulation process. The percentage of sporulation inhibition was calculated after 48 h and the inhibition concentration 50% (IC50) was determined by probit analysis. Results: Bromelain manifested anticoccidial activity through the inhibition of the sporulation of coccidia oocysts. EB achieved inhibition with a lower dose compared with NEB. The IC50 values of diclazuril, EB, and NEB were 0.078 mg/mL, 0.225 mg/mL, and 0.575 mg/mL, respectively. There were significant differences (p<0.01) between the IC50 of EB and NEB compared with the standard treatment drug. Conclusion: This preliminary study showed that EB has anticoccidial activity supporting further evaluation at an in vivo level to develop a novel drug for the management of coccidiosis in goats.http://www.veterinaryworld.org/Vol.15/February-2022/21.pdfanticoccidial activitybromelainchitosancoccidiagoatnanoencapsulation |
| spellingShingle | Ahmota Romain Daiba John Maina Kagira Maina Ngotho James Kimotho Naomi Maina In vitro anticoccidial activity of nanoencapsulated bromelain against Eimeria spp. oocysts isolated from goats in Kenya Veterinary World anticoccidial activity bromelain chitosan coccidia goat nanoencapsulation |
| title | In vitro anticoccidial activity of nanoencapsulated bromelain against Eimeria spp. oocysts isolated from goats in Kenya |
| title_full | In vitro anticoccidial activity of nanoencapsulated bromelain against Eimeria spp. oocysts isolated from goats in Kenya |
| title_fullStr | In vitro anticoccidial activity of nanoencapsulated bromelain against Eimeria spp. oocysts isolated from goats in Kenya |
| title_full_unstemmed | In vitro anticoccidial activity of nanoencapsulated bromelain against Eimeria spp. oocysts isolated from goats in Kenya |
| title_short | In vitro anticoccidial activity of nanoencapsulated bromelain against Eimeria spp. oocysts isolated from goats in Kenya |
| title_sort | in vitro anticoccidial activity of nanoencapsulated bromelain against eimeria spp oocysts isolated from goats in kenya |
| topic | anticoccidial activity bromelain chitosan coccidia goat nanoencapsulation |
| url | http://www.veterinaryworld.org/Vol.15/February-2022/21.pdf |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT ahmotaromaindaiba invitroanticoccidialactivityofnanoencapsulatedbromelainagainsteimeriasppoocystsisolatedfromgoatsinkenya AT johnmainakagira invitroanticoccidialactivityofnanoencapsulatedbromelainagainsteimeriasppoocystsisolatedfromgoatsinkenya AT mainangotho invitroanticoccidialactivityofnanoencapsulatedbromelainagainsteimeriasppoocystsisolatedfromgoatsinkenya AT jameskimotho invitroanticoccidialactivityofnanoencapsulatedbromelainagainsteimeriasppoocystsisolatedfromgoatsinkenya AT naomimaina invitroanticoccidialactivityofnanoencapsulatedbromelainagainsteimeriasppoocystsisolatedfromgoatsinkenya |