To be or not to be… Integrative taxonomy and species delimitation in the daddy long-legs spiders of the genus Physocyclus (Araneae, Pholcidae) using DNA barcoding and morphology
Integrative taxonomy is crucial for discovery, recognition, and species delimitation, especially in underestimated species complex or cryptic species, by incorporating different sources of evidence to construct rigorous species hypotheses. The spider genus Physocyclus Simon, 1893 (Pholcidae, Artemin...
| Main Authors: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Pensoft Publishers
2022-12-01
|
| Series: | ZooKeys |
| Online Access: | https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/94628/download/pdf/ |
| _version_ | 1811177492720910336 |
|---|---|
| author | Samuel Nolasco Alejandro Valdez-Mondragón |
| author_facet | Samuel Nolasco Alejandro Valdez-Mondragón |
| author_sort | Samuel Nolasco |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Integrative taxonomy is crucial for discovery, recognition, and species delimitation, especially in underestimated species complex or cryptic species, by incorporating different sources of evidence to construct rigorous species hypotheses. The spider genus Physocyclus Simon, 1893 (Pholcidae, Arteminae) is composed of 37 species, mainly from North America. In this study, traditional morphology was compared with three DNA barcoding markers regarding their utility in species delimitation within the genus: 1) Cytochrome c Oxidase subunit 1 (CO1), 2) Internal Transcribed Spacer 2 (ITS2), and 3) Ribosomal large subunit (28S). The molecular species delimitation analyses were carried out using four methods under the corrected p-distances Neighbor-Joining (NJ) criteria: 1) Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery (ABGD), 2) Assemble Species by Automatic Partitioning (ASAP), 3) General Mixed Yule Coalescent model (GMYC), and 4) Bayesian Poisson Tree Processes (bPTP). The analyses incorporated 75 terminals from 22 putative species of Physocyclus. The average intraspecific genetic distance (p-distance) was found to be < 2%, whereas the average interspecific genetic distance was 20.6%. The ABGD, ASAP, and GMYC methods were the most congruent, delimiting 26 or 27 species, while the bPTP method delimited 33 species. The use of traditional morphology for species delimitation was congruent with most molecular methods, with the male palp, male chelicerae, and female genitalia shown to be robust characters that support species-level identification. The barcoding with CO1 and 28S had better resolution for species delimitation in comparison with ITS2. The concatenated matrix and traditional morphology were found to be more robust and informative for species delimitation within Physocyclus. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T06:02:42Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1260bab96b234ab5baeb123da20270c1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1313-2970 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T06:02:42Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | Pensoft Publishers |
| record_format | Article |
| series | ZooKeys |
| spelling | doaj.art-1260bab96b234ab5baeb123da20270c12022-12-22T04:41:35ZengPensoft PublishersZooKeys1313-29702022-12-0111359311810.3897/zookeys.1135.9462894628To be or not to be… Integrative taxonomy and species delimitation in the daddy long-legs spiders of the genus Physocyclus (Araneae, Pholcidae) using DNA barcoding and morphologySamuel Nolasco0Alejandro Valdez-Mondragón1Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoIntegrative taxonomy is crucial for discovery, recognition, and species delimitation, especially in underestimated species complex or cryptic species, by incorporating different sources of evidence to construct rigorous species hypotheses. The spider genus Physocyclus Simon, 1893 (Pholcidae, Arteminae) is composed of 37 species, mainly from North America. In this study, traditional morphology was compared with three DNA barcoding markers regarding their utility in species delimitation within the genus: 1) Cytochrome c Oxidase subunit 1 (CO1), 2) Internal Transcribed Spacer 2 (ITS2), and 3) Ribosomal large subunit (28S). The molecular species delimitation analyses were carried out using four methods under the corrected p-distances Neighbor-Joining (NJ) criteria: 1) Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery (ABGD), 2) Assemble Species by Automatic Partitioning (ASAP), 3) General Mixed Yule Coalescent model (GMYC), and 4) Bayesian Poisson Tree Processes (bPTP). The analyses incorporated 75 terminals from 22 putative species of Physocyclus. The average intraspecific genetic distance (p-distance) was found to be < 2%, whereas the average interspecific genetic distance was 20.6%. The ABGD, ASAP, and GMYC methods were the most congruent, delimiting 26 or 27 species, while the bPTP method delimited 33 species. The use of traditional morphology for species delimitation was congruent with most molecular methods, with the male palp, male chelicerae, and female genitalia shown to be robust characters that support species-level identification. The barcoding with CO1 and 28S had better resolution for species delimitation in comparison with ITS2. The concatenated matrix and traditional morphology were found to be more robust and informative for species delimitation within Physocyclus.https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/94628/download/pdf/ |
| spellingShingle | Samuel Nolasco Alejandro Valdez-Mondragón To be or not to be… Integrative taxonomy and species delimitation in the daddy long-legs spiders of the genus Physocyclus (Araneae, Pholcidae) using DNA barcoding and morphology ZooKeys |
| title | To be or not to be… Integrative taxonomy and species delimitation in the daddy long-legs spiders of the genus Physocyclus (Araneae, Pholcidae) using DNA barcoding and morphology |
| title_full | To be or not to be… Integrative taxonomy and species delimitation in the daddy long-legs spiders of the genus Physocyclus (Araneae, Pholcidae) using DNA barcoding and morphology |
| title_fullStr | To be or not to be… Integrative taxonomy and species delimitation in the daddy long-legs spiders of the genus Physocyclus (Araneae, Pholcidae) using DNA barcoding and morphology |
| title_full_unstemmed | To be or not to be… Integrative taxonomy and species delimitation in the daddy long-legs spiders of the genus Physocyclus (Araneae, Pholcidae) using DNA barcoding and morphology |
| title_short | To be or not to be… Integrative taxonomy and species delimitation in the daddy long-legs spiders of the genus Physocyclus (Araneae, Pholcidae) using DNA barcoding and morphology |
| title_sort | to be or not to be integrative taxonomy and species delimitation in the daddy long legs spiders of the genus physocyclus araneae pholcidae using dna barcoding and morphology |
| url | https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/94628/download/pdf/ |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT samuelnolasco tobeornottobeintegrativetaxonomyandspeciesdelimitationinthedaddylonglegsspidersofthegenusphysocyclusaraneaepholcidaeusingdnabarcodingandmorphology AT alejandrovaldezmondragon tobeornottobeintegrativetaxonomyandspeciesdelimitationinthedaddylonglegsspidersofthegenusphysocyclusaraneaepholcidaeusingdnabarcodingandmorphology |