Autoimmunity to neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are widely expressed in many and diverse cell types, participating in various functions of cells, tissues and systems. In this review, we focus on the autoimmunity against neuronal nAChRs, the specific autoantibodies and their mechanisms of pathological act...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2023-06-01
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| Series: | Pharmacological Research |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1043661823001469 |
| _version_ | 1797740497834344448 |
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| author | Maria Pechlivanidou Elpinickie Ninou Katerina Karagiorgou Aikaterini Tsantila Renato Mantegazza Andreetta Francesca Raffaello Furlan Leon Dudeck Johann Steiner John Tzartos Socrates Tzartos |
| author_facet | Maria Pechlivanidou Elpinickie Ninou Katerina Karagiorgou Aikaterini Tsantila Renato Mantegazza Andreetta Francesca Raffaello Furlan Leon Dudeck Johann Steiner John Tzartos Socrates Tzartos |
| author_sort | Maria Pechlivanidou |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are widely expressed in many and diverse cell types, participating in various functions of cells, tissues and systems. In this review, we focus on the autoimmunity against neuronal nAChRs, the specific autoantibodies and their mechanisms of pathological action in selected autoimmune diseases. We summarize the current relevant knowledge from human diseases as well as from experimental models of autoimmune neurological disorders related to antibodies against neuronal nAChR subunits. Despite the well-studied high immunogenicity of the muscle nAChRs where autoantibodies are the main pathogen of myasthenia gravis, autoimmunity to neuronal nAChRs seems infrequent, except for the autoantibodies to the ganglionic receptor, the α3 subunit containing nAChR (α3-nAChR), which are detected and are likely pathogenic in Autoimmune Autonomic Ganglionopathy (AAG). We describe the detection, presence and function of these antibodies and especially the recent development of a cell-based assay (CBA) which, contrary to until recently available assays, is highly specific for AAG. Rare reports of autoantibodies to the other neuronal nAChR subtypes include a few cases of antibodies to α7 and/or α4β2 nAChRs in Rasmussen encephalitis, schizophrenia, autoimmune meningoencephalomyelitis, and in some myasthenia gravis patients with concurrent CNS symptoms. Neuronal-type nAChRs are also present in several non-excitable tissues, however the presence and possible role of antibodies against them needs further verification. It is likely that the future development of more sensitive and disease-specific assays would reveal that neuronal nAChR autoantibodies are much more frequent and may explain the mechanisms of some seronegative autoimmune diseases. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T14:13:15Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1262b67f146949a3aa48a1fa877fc90e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1096-1186 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T14:13:15Z |
| publishDate | 2023-06-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pharmacological Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-1262b67f146949a3aa48a1fa877fc90e2023-08-21T04:19:59ZengElsevierPharmacological Research1096-11862023-06-01192106790Autoimmunity to neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptorsMaria Pechlivanidou0Elpinickie Ninou1Katerina Karagiorgou2Aikaterini Tsantila3Renato Mantegazza4Andreetta Francesca5Raffaello Furlan6Leon Dudeck7Johann Steiner8John Tzartos9Socrates Tzartos10Tzartos NeuroDiagnostics, Athens, GreeceTzartos NeuroDiagnostics, Athens, GreeceTzartos NeuroDiagnostics, Athens, Greece; Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, GreeceTzartos NeuroDiagnostics, Athens, GreeceNeuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Fondazione I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, ItalyNeuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Fondazione I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, ItalyDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Rozzano, Milan, Italy; Clinical and Research Center – IRCCS, Humanitas University, Rozzano, Milan, ItalyDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany; Laboratory of Translational Psychiatry, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, GermanyDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany; Laboratory of Translational Psychiatry, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany; Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Magdeburg, Germany; Center for Health and Medical Prevention (CHaMP), Magdeburg, Germany; German Center for Mental Health DZPG, Center for Intervention and Research on Adaptive and Maladaptive Brain Circuits Underlying Mental Health C-I-R-C, Halle, Germany2nd Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Attikon” University Hospital, Athens, Greece; Corresponding author.Tzartos NeuroDiagnostics, Athens, Greece; Department of Neurobiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece; Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, Patras, Greece; Correspondence to: Tzartos NeuroDiagnostics, 3 Eslin Street, Ampelokipoi, Athens 11523, Greece.Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are widely expressed in many and diverse cell types, participating in various functions of cells, tissues and systems. In this review, we focus on the autoimmunity against neuronal nAChRs, the specific autoantibodies and their mechanisms of pathological action in selected autoimmune diseases. We summarize the current relevant knowledge from human diseases as well as from experimental models of autoimmune neurological disorders related to antibodies against neuronal nAChR subunits. Despite the well-studied high immunogenicity of the muscle nAChRs where autoantibodies are the main pathogen of myasthenia gravis, autoimmunity to neuronal nAChRs seems infrequent, except for the autoantibodies to the ganglionic receptor, the α3 subunit containing nAChR (α3-nAChR), which are detected and are likely pathogenic in Autoimmune Autonomic Ganglionopathy (AAG). We describe the detection, presence and function of these antibodies and especially the recent development of a cell-based assay (CBA) which, contrary to until recently available assays, is highly specific for AAG. Rare reports of autoantibodies to the other neuronal nAChR subtypes include a few cases of antibodies to α7 and/or α4β2 nAChRs in Rasmussen encephalitis, schizophrenia, autoimmune meningoencephalomyelitis, and in some myasthenia gravis patients with concurrent CNS symptoms. Neuronal-type nAChRs are also present in several non-excitable tissues, however the presence and possible role of antibodies against them needs further verification. It is likely that the future development of more sensitive and disease-specific assays would reveal that neuronal nAChR autoantibodies are much more frequent and may explain the mechanisms of some seronegative autoimmune diseases.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1043661823001469Ion channelsNeuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptorAutoimmunityAutoimmune encephalitisAutonomic failureGanglionic nicotinic receptors |
| spellingShingle | Maria Pechlivanidou Elpinickie Ninou Katerina Karagiorgou Aikaterini Tsantila Renato Mantegazza Andreetta Francesca Raffaello Furlan Leon Dudeck Johann Steiner John Tzartos Socrates Tzartos Autoimmunity to neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors Pharmacological Research Ion channels Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor Autoimmunity Autoimmune encephalitis Autonomic failure Ganglionic nicotinic receptors |
| title | Autoimmunity to neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors |
| title_full | Autoimmunity to neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors |
| title_fullStr | Autoimmunity to neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors |
| title_full_unstemmed | Autoimmunity to neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors |
| title_short | Autoimmunity to neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors |
| title_sort | autoimmunity to neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors |
| topic | Ion channels Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor Autoimmunity Autoimmune encephalitis Autonomic failure Ganglionic nicotinic receptors |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1043661823001469 |
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