Initial Survival and Development of Planted European Beech (<i>Fagus sylvatica</i> L.) and Small-Leaved Lime (<i>Tilia cordata</i> <span style="font-variant: small-caps">Mill.</span>) Seedlings Competing with Black Cherry (<i>Prunus serotina</i> <span style="font-variant: small-caps">Ehrh</span>.)
Black cherry (<i>Prunus serotina</i> <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Ehrh</span>.) is considered one of the most invasive tree species in central Europe and causes problems for both nature conservation and silviculture. Besides mechanical control treatments,...
| Main Authors: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2020-05-01
|
| Series: | Plants |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/9/6/677 |
| _version_ | 1797566859418009600 |
|---|---|
| author | Sarah L. Hasstedt Peter Annighöfer |
| author_facet | Sarah L. Hasstedt Peter Annighöfer |
| author_sort | Sarah L. Hasstedt |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Black cherry (<i>Prunus serotina</i> <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Ehrh</span>.) is considered one of the most invasive tree species in central Europe and causes problems for both nature conservation and silviculture. Besides mechanical control treatments, a suggested control method to prevent its ongoing spread is to underplant shade-tolerant native tree species. Therefore, we combined two mechanical treatments, with underplanting of European beech (<i>Fagus sylvatica</i> L.) or small-leaved lime (<i>Tilia cordata</i> <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Mill</span>.) on fenced and unfenced plots. After the first growing season, survival rates were evaluated, and selected seedlings were destructively harvested to analyze their growth performance and leaf morphology in association with the different light regimes resulting from mechanical treatments Survival rates for both seedlings were very high (>95%). Survival rates were higher on fenced plots than on unfenced plots, most likely as result of browsing. The mortality of <i>F. sylvatica</i> decreased with increasing light availability on fenced plots. The mortality of <i>T. cordata</i> did not change along the light gradient. After one vegetation period no differences with respect to biomass allocation could be detected along the light gradient. However, the specific leaf areas of both species responded similarly, decreasing with increasing light availability. In summary, both species were able to establish and survive in the dense <i>P. serotina</i> understory and might have the potential to outcompete the invasive alien species in the long run. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T19:33:23Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-126c638fa5b5424fa36c295d723ade66 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T19:33:23Z |
| publishDate | 2020-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj.art-126c638fa5b5424fa36c295d723ade662023-11-20T01:53:26ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472020-05-019667710.3390/plants9060677Initial Survival and Development of Planted European Beech (<i>Fagus sylvatica</i> L.) and Small-Leaved Lime (<i>Tilia cordata</i> <span style="font-variant: small-caps">Mill.</span>) Seedlings Competing with Black Cherry (<i>Prunus serotina</i> <span style="font-variant: small-caps">Ehrh</span>.)Sarah L. Hasstedt0Peter Annighöfer1Department of Silviculture and Forest Ecology of the Temperate Zones, Georg August University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 1, 37077 Göttingen, GermanyForest and Agroforest Systems, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354 Freising, GermanyBlack cherry (<i>Prunus serotina</i> <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Ehrh</span>.) is considered one of the most invasive tree species in central Europe and causes problems for both nature conservation and silviculture. Besides mechanical control treatments, a suggested control method to prevent its ongoing spread is to underplant shade-tolerant native tree species. Therefore, we combined two mechanical treatments, with underplanting of European beech (<i>Fagus sylvatica</i> L.) or small-leaved lime (<i>Tilia cordata</i> <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Mill</span>.) on fenced and unfenced plots. After the first growing season, survival rates were evaluated, and selected seedlings were destructively harvested to analyze their growth performance and leaf morphology in association with the different light regimes resulting from mechanical treatments Survival rates for both seedlings were very high (>95%). Survival rates were higher on fenced plots than on unfenced plots, most likely as result of browsing. The mortality of <i>F. sylvatica</i> decreased with increasing light availability on fenced plots. The mortality of <i>T. cordata</i> did not change along the light gradient. After one vegetation period no differences with respect to biomass allocation could be detected along the light gradient. However, the specific leaf areas of both species responded similarly, decreasing with increasing light availability. In summary, both species were able to establish and survive in the dense <i>P. serotina</i> understory and might have the potential to outcompete the invasive alien species in the long run.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/9/6/677invasive speciesblack cherry managementlight availabilityseedling mortalitybiomass allocationspecific leaf area |
| spellingShingle | Sarah L. Hasstedt Peter Annighöfer Initial Survival and Development of Planted European Beech (<i>Fagus sylvatica</i> L.) and Small-Leaved Lime (<i>Tilia cordata</i> <span style="font-variant: small-caps">Mill.</span>) Seedlings Competing with Black Cherry (<i>Prunus serotina</i> <span style="font-variant: small-caps">Ehrh</span>.) Plants invasive species black cherry management light availability seedling mortality biomass allocation specific leaf area |
| title | Initial Survival and Development of Planted European Beech (<i>Fagus sylvatica</i> L.) and Small-Leaved Lime (<i>Tilia cordata</i> <span style="font-variant: small-caps">Mill.</span>) Seedlings Competing with Black Cherry (<i>Prunus serotina</i> <span style="font-variant: small-caps">Ehrh</span>.) |
| title_full | Initial Survival and Development of Planted European Beech (<i>Fagus sylvatica</i> L.) and Small-Leaved Lime (<i>Tilia cordata</i> <span style="font-variant: small-caps">Mill.</span>) Seedlings Competing with Black Cherry (<i>Prunus serotina</i> <span style="font-variant: small-caps">Ehrh</span>.) |
| title_fullStr | Initial Survival and Development of Planted European Beech (<i>Fagus sylvatica</i> L.) and Small-Leaved Lime (<i>Tilia cordata</i> <span style="font-variant: small-caps">Mill.</span>) Seedlings Competing with Black Cherry (<i>Prunus serotina</i> <span style="font-variant: small-caps">Ehrh</span>.) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Initial Survival and Development of Planted European Beech (<i>Fagus sylvatica</i> L.) and Small-Leaved Lime (<i>Tilia cordata</i> <span style="font-variant: small-caps">Mill.</span>) Seedlings Competing with Black Cherry (<i>Prunus serotina</i> <span style="font-variant: small-caps">Ehrh</span>.) |
| title_short | Initial Survival and Development of Planted European Beech (<i>Fagus sylvatica</i> L.) and Small-Leaved Lime (<i>Tilia cordata</i> <span style="font-variant: small-caps">Mill.</span>) Seedlings Competing with Black Cherry (<i>Prunus serotina</i> <span style="font-variant: small-caps">Ehrh</span>.) |
| title_sort | initial survival and development of planted european beech i fagus sylvatica i l and small leaved lime i tilia cordata i span style font variant small caps mill span seedlings competing with black cherry i prunus serotina i span style font variant small caps ehrh span |
| topic | invasive species black cherry management light availability seedling mortality biomass allocation specific leaf area |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/9/6/677 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT sarahlhasstedt initialsurvivalanddevelopmentofplantedeuropeanbeechifagussylvaticailandsmallleavedlimeitiliacordataispanstylefontvariantsmallcapsmillspanseedlingscompetingwithblackcherryiprunusserotinaispanstylefontvariantsmallcapsehrhspan AT peterannighofer initialsurvivalanddevelopmentofplantedeuropeanbeechifagussylvaticailandsmallleavedlimeitiliacordataispanstylefontvariantsmallcapsmillspanseedlingscompetingwithblackcherryiprunusserotinaispanstylefontvariantsmallcapsehrhspan |