What Do We Know about Surface Proteins of Chicken Parasites <i>Eimeria</i>?
Poultry is the first source of animal protein for human consumption. In a changing world, this sector is facing new challenges, such as a projected increase in demand, higher standards of food quality and safety, and reduction of environmental impact. Chicken coccidiosis is a highly widespread enter...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-05-01
|
| Series: | Life |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/13/6/1295 |
| _version_ | 1797593831116374016 |
|---|---|
| author | Jesica Daiana Britez Anabel Elisa Rodriguez Lucía Di Ciaccio Virginia Marugán-Hernandez Mariela Luján Tomazic |
| author_facet | Jesica Daiana Britez Anabel Elisa Rodriguez Lucía Di Ciaccio Virginia Marugán-Hernandez Mariela Luján Tomazic |
| author_sort | Jesica Daiana Britez |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Poultry is the first source of animal protein for human consumption. In a changing world, this sector is facing new challenges, such as a projected increase in demand, higher standards of food quality and safety, and reduction of environmental impact. Chicken coccidiosis is a highly widespread enteric disease caused by <i>Eimeria</i> spp. which causes significant economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide; however, the impact on family poultry holders or backyard production—which plays a key role in food security in small communities and involves mainly rural women—has been little explored. Coccidiosis disease is controlled by good husbandry measures, chemoprophylaxis, and/or live vaccination. The first live vaccines against chicken coccidiosis were developed in the 1950s; however, after more than seven decades, none has reached the market. Current limitations on their use have led to research in next-generation vaccines based on recombinant or live-vectored vaccines. Next-generation vaccines are required to control this complex parasitic disease, and for this purpose, protective antigens need to be identified. In this review, we have scrutinised surface proteins identified so far in <i>Eimeria</i> spp. affecting chickens. Most of these surface proteins are anchored to the parasite membrane by a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) molecule. The biosynthesis of GPIs, as well as the role of currently identified surface proteins and interest as vaccine candidates has been summarised. The potential role of surface proteins in drug resistance and immune escape and how these could limit the efficacy of control strategies was also discussed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T02:14:07Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-126e3ac91548467dbcd063d36f633adb |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-1729 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T02:14:07Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Life |
| spelling | doaj.art-126e3ac91548467dbcd063d36f633adb2023-11-18T11:17:21ZengMDPI AGLife2075-17292023-05-01136129510.3390/life13061295What Do We Know about Surface Proteins of Chicken Parasites <i>Eimeria</i>?Jesica Daiana Britez0Anabel Elisa Rodriguez1Lucía Di Ciaccio2Virginia Marugán-Hernandez3Mariela Luján Tomazic4Instituto de Patobiología Veterinaria, IPVET, INTA-CONICET, Nicolás Repetto y Los Reseros, Hurlingham 1686, ArgentinaInstituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, IPVET, INTA-CONICET, Nicolás Repetto y Los Reseros, Hurlingham 1686, ArgentinaInstituto de Patobiología Veterinaria, IPVET, INTA-CONICET, Nicolás Repetto y Los Reseros, Hurlingham 1686, ArgentinaThe Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hawkshead Lane, London AL9 7TA, UKInstituto de Patobiología Veterinaria, IPVET, INTA-CONICET, Nicolás Repetto y Los Reseros, Hurlingham 1686, ArgentinaPoultry is the first source of animal protein for human consumption. In a changing world, this sector is facing new challenges, such as a projected increase in demand, higher standards of food quality and safety, and reduction of environmental impact. Chicken coccidiosis is a highly widespread enteric disease caused by <i>Eimeria</i> spp. which causes significant economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide; however, the impact on family poultry holders or backyard production—which plays a key role in food security in small communities and involves mainly rural women—has been little explored. Coccidiosis disease is controlled by good husbandry measures, chemoprophylaxis, and/or live vaccination. The first live vaccines against chicken coccidiosis were developed in the 1950s; however, after more than seven decades, none has reached the market. Current limitations on their use have led to research in next-generation vaccines based on recombinant or live-vectored vaccines. Next-generation vaccines are required to control this complex parasitic disease, and for this purpose, protective antigens need to be identified. In this review, we have scrutinised surface proteins identified so far in <i>Eimeria</i> spp. affecting chickens. Most of these surface proteins are anchored to the parasite membrane by a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) molecule. The biosynthesis of GPIs, as well as the role of currently identified surface proteins and interest as vaccine candidates has been summarised. The potential role of surface proteins in drug resistance and immune escape and how these could limit the efficacy of control strategies was also discussed.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/13/6/1295poultryfamily poultrycoccidiosis<i>Eimeria</i>surface proteinsGPI |
| spellingShingle | Jesica Daiana Britez Anabel Elisa Rodriguez Lucía Di Ciaccio Virginia Marugán-Hernandez Mariela Luján Tomazic What Do We Know about Surface Proteins of Chicken Parasites <i>Eimeria</i>? Life poultry family poultry coccidiosis <i>Eimeria</i> surface proteins GPI |
| title | What Do We Know about Surface Proteins of Chicken Parasites <i>Eimeria</i>? |
| title_full | What Do We Know about Surface Proteins of Chicken Parasites <i>Eimeria</i>? |
| title_fullStr | What Do We Know about Surface Proteins of Chicken Parasites <i>Eimeria</i>? |
| title_full_unstemmed | What Do We Know about Surface Proteins of Chicken Parasites <i>Eimeria</i>? |
| title_short | What Do We Know about Surface Proteins of Chicken Parasites <i>Eimeria</i>? |
| title_sort | what do we know about surface proteins of chicken parasites i eimeria i |
| topic | poultry family poultry coccidiosis <i>Eimeria</i> surface proteins GPI |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/13/6/1295 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT jesicadaianabritez whatdoweknowaboutsurfaceproteinsofchickenparasitesieimeriai AT anabelelisarodriguez whatdoweknowaboutsurfaceproteinsofchickenparasitesieimeriai AT luciadiciaccio whatdoweknowaboutsurfaceproteinsofchickenparasitesieimeriai AT virginiamaruganhernandez whatdoweknowaboutsurfaceproteinsofchickenparasitesieimeriai AT marielalujantomazic whatdoweknowaboutsurfaceproteinsofchickenparasitesieimeriai |