Greening-induced increase in evapotranspiration over Eurasia offset by CO2-induced vegetational stomatal closure
Evapotranspiration (ET), as a key exchanging component of the land energy, water and carbon cycles, is expected to increase in response to greening land under a warming climate. However, the relative importance of major drivers (e.g. leaf area index (LAI), climate forcing, atmospheric CO _2 , etc) t...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IOP Publishing
2021-01-01
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| Series: | Environmental Research Letters |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac3532 |
| _version_ | 1797747435939823616 |
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| author | Xuanze Zhang Yongqiang Zhang Ning Ma Dongdong Kong Jing Tian Xingmin Shao Qiuhong Tang |
| author_facet | Xuanze Zhang Yongqiang Zhang Ning Ma Dongdong Kong Jing Tian Xingmin Shao Qiuhong Tang |
| author_sort | Xuanze Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Evapotranspiration (ET), as a key exchanging component of the land energy, water and carbon cycles, is expected to increase in response to greening land under a warming climate. However, the relative importance of major drivers (e.g. leaf area index (LAI), climate forcing, atmospheric CO _2 , etc) to long-term ET change remain largely unclear. Focusing on the Eurasia which experienced the strong vegetational greening, we aim to estimate the long-term ET trend and its drivers’ relative contributions by applying a remote sensing-based water-carbon coupling model— Penman–Monteith–Leuning version 2 (PML-V2) driven by observational climate forcing and CO _2 records, and satellite-based LAI, albedo and emissivity. The PML-V2 estimated an increasing ET trend (6.20 ± 1.13 mm year ^−1 decade ^−1 , p < 0.01) over Eurasia during 1982–2014, which is close to the ensemble mean (6.51 ± 3.10 mm year ^−1 decade ^−1 ) from other three ET products (GLEAMv3.3a, ERA5 and CRv1.0). The PML-based ET overall agrees well with water-balance derived ET in detecting the trend directions. We find that the Eurasian ET increasing trend was mostly from vegetated regions over central and eastern Europe, Indian and southeast China where ET trends were larger than 20 mm year ^−1 decade ^−1 . Modeling sensitivity experiments indicate that the Eurasian ET trend was mainly dominated by positive contributions from climate forcing change (40%) and increased LAI (22%), but largely offset by a negative contribution of increased CO _2 (26%). Our results highlight the importance of the suppression effect of increasing CO _2 -induced stomatal closure on transpiration. This effect was rarely considered in diagnostic ET products but plays a key role to ensure that the long-term ET trend should not be overestimated by only accounting for greening-induced increases in transpiration and rainfall interception. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T15:50:33Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-127121f9fbdf4d7fa71ae8bcee568c6c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1748-9326 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T15:50:33Z |
| publishDate | 2021-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Environmental Research Letters |
| spelling | doaj.art-127121f9fbdf4d7fa71ae8bcee568c6c2023-08-09T15:09:31ZengIOP PublishingEnvironmental Research Letters1748-93262021-01-01161212400810.1088/1748-9326/ac3532Greening-induced increase in evapotranspiration over Eurasia offset by CO2-induced vegetational stomatal closureXuanze Zhang0https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8515-5084Yongqiang Zhang1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3562-2323Ning Ma2https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4580-0661Dongdong Kong3Jing Tian4Xingmin Shao5Qiuhong Tang6https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0886-6699Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100101, People’s Republic of ChinaKey Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100101, People’s Republic of ChinaKey Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100101, People’s Republic of ChinaDepartment of Atmospheric Science, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences , Wuhan 430074, People’s Republic of ChinaKey Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100101, People’s Republic of ChinaKey Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100101, People’s Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of ChinaKey Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100101, People’s Republic of ChinaEvapotranspiration (ET), as a key exchanging component of the land energy, water and carbon cycles, is expected to increase in response to greening land under a warming climate. However, the relative importance of major drivers (e.g. leaf area index (LAI), climate forcing, atmospheric CO _2 , etc) to long-term ET change remain largely unclear. Focusing on the Eurasia which experienced the strong vegetational greening, we aim to estimate the long-term ET trend and its drivers’ relative contributions by applying a remote sensing-based water-carbon coupling model— Penman–Monteith–Leuning version 2 (PML-V2) driven by observational climate forcing and CO _2 records, and satellite-based LAI, albedo and emissivity. The PML-V2 estimated an increasing ET trend (6.20 ± 1.13 mm year ^−1 decade ^−1 , p < 0.01) over Eurasia during 1982–2014, which is close to the ensemble mean (6.51 ± 3.10 mm year ^−1 decade ^−1 ) from other three ET products (GLEAMv3.3a, ERA5 and CRv1.0). The PML-based ET overall agrees well with water-balance derived ET in detecting the trend directions. We find that the Eurasian ET increasing trend was mostly from vegetated regions over central and eastern Europe, Indian and southeast China where ET trends were larger than 20 mm year ^−1 decade ^−1 . Modeling sensitivity experiments indicate that the Eurasian ET trend was mainly dominated by positive contributions from climate forcing change (40%) and increased LAI (22%), but largely offset by a negative contribution of increased CO _2 (26%). Our results highlight the importance of the suppression effect of increasing CO _2 -induced stomatal closure on transpiration. This effect was rarely considered in diagnostic ET products but plays a key role to ensure that the long-term ET trend should not be overestimated by only accounting for greening-induced increases in transpiration and rainfall interception.https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac3532evapotranspirationearth greeningstomatal conductanceglobal warmingEurasia |
| spellingShingle | Xuanze Zhang Yongqiang Zhang Ning Ma Dongdong Kong Jing Tian Xingmin Shao Qiuhong Tang Greening-induced increase in evapotranspiration over Eurasia offset by CO2-induced vegetational stomatal closure Environmental Research Letters evapotranspiration earth greening stomatal conductance global warming Eurasia |
| title | Greening-induced increase in evapotranspiration over Eurasia offset by CO2-induced vegetational stomatal closure |
| title_full | Greening-induced increase in evapotranspiration over Eurasia offset by CO2-induced vegetational stomatal closure |
| title_fullStr | Greening-induced increase in evapotranspiration over Eurasia offset by CO2-induced vegetational stomatal closure |
| title_full_unstemmed | Greening-induced increase in evapotranspiration over Eurasia offset by CO2-induced vegetational stomatal closure |
| title_short | Greening-induced increase in evapotranspiration over Eurasia offset by CO2-induced vegetational stomatal closure |
| title_sort | greening induced increase in evapotranspiration over eurasia offset by co2 induced vegetational stomatal closure |
| topic | evapotranspiration earth greening stomatal conductance global warming Eurasia |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac3532 |
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