Effects of Oxidized Pyrenes on the Biological Responses in the Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells
Although polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are toxic, the effects of oxidized PAHs on health and biological responses remain unclear. In this study, we examined the in vitro effects of varying concentrations of pyrene, a type of PAH, and its quinone forms, namely 4,5-pyrenequinone (PyQ) and 1,...
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MDPI AG
2022-09-01
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| Series: | Applied Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/19/9664 |
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| author | Akiko Honda Ken-ichiro Inoue Satsuki Takai Takayuki Kameda Kayo Ueda Hirohisa Takano |
| author_facet | Akiko Honda Ken-ichiro Inoue Satsuki Takai Takayuki Kameda Kayo Ueda Hirohisa Takano |
| author_sort | Akiko Honda |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Although polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are toxic, the effects of oxidized PAHs on health and biological responses remain unclear. In this study, we examined the in vitro effects of varying concentrations of pyrene, a type of PAH, and its quinone forms, namely 4,5-pyrenequinone (PyQ) and 1,8-PyQ + 1,6-PyQ, on human lung epithelial (BEAS-2B) cells. We evaluated cell viability, apoptosis, and the production of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Exposure to 1 μM 4,5-PyQ or 1,8-PyQ + 1,6-PyQ increased the cellular activity. At 3 µM, 4,5-PyQ increased the number of late apoptotic and/or necrotic cells compared with those in the control, whereas 1,8-PyQ + 1,6-PyQ increased the number of dead cells. Exposure to 4,5-PyQ at 10 µM decreased IL-6 production and exposure to both 4,5-PyQ and 1,8-PyQ + 1,6-PyQ at 3 or 10 µM decreased IL-8 production. sICAM-1 production was increased after 1,8-PyQ + 1,6-PyQ exposure at 10 µM. In the presence of cells, 4,5-PyQ and 1,8-PyQ + 1,6-PyQ increased ROS production significantly in a concentration-dependent manner; similar results were observed with 1,8-PyQ + 1,6-PyQ without cells. Overall, our results suggest that oxidized PAHs induce stronger respiratory toxicity/inflammatory responses than PAHs. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:04:10Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1289247f8d1d4bc18279633ba8bc9220 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:04:10Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-1289247f8d1d4bc18279633ba8bc92202023-11-23T19:43:36ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172022-09-011219966410.3390/app12199664Effects of Oxidized Pyrenes on the Biological Responses in the Human Bronchial Epithelial CellsAkiko Honda0Ken-ichiro Inoue1Satsuki Takai2Takayuki Kameda3Kayo Ueda4Hirohisa Takano5Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8530, JapanSchool of Nursing, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, JapanGraduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, JapanGraduate School of Energy Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, JapanDepartment of Hygiene, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8638, JapanGraduate School of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8530, JapanAlthough polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are toxic, the effects of oxidized PAHs on health and biological responses remain unclear. In this study, we examined the in vitro effects of varying concentrations of pyrene, a type of PAH, and its quinone forms, namely 4,5-pyrenequinone (PyQ) and 1,8-PyQ + 1,6-PyQ, on human lung epithelial (BEAS-2B) cells. We evaluated cell viability, apoptosis, and the production of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Exposure to 1 μM 4,5-PyQ or 1,8-PyQ + 1,6-PyQ increased the cellular activity. At 3 µM, 4,5-PyQ increased the number of late apoptotic and/or necrotic cells compared with those in the control, whereas 1,8-PyQ + 1,6-PyQ increased the number of dead cells. Exposure to 4,5-PyQ at 10 µM decreased IL-6 production and exposure to both 4,5-PyQ and 1,8-PyQ + 1,6-PyQ at 3 or 10 µM decreased IL-8 production. sICAM-1 production was increased after 1,8-PyQ + 1,6-PyQ exposure at 10 µM. In the presence of cells, 4,5-PyQ and 1,8-PyQ + 1,6-PyQ increased ROS production significantly in a concentration-dependent manner; similar results were observed with 1,8-PyQ + 1,6-PyQ without cells. Overall, our results suggest that oxidized PAHs induce stronger respiratory toxicity/inflammatory responses than PAHs.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/19/9664pyrenequinone formsBEAS-2B cellsrespiratory toxicity |
| spellingShingle | Akiko Honda Ken-ichiro Inoue Satsuki Takai Takayuki Kameda Kayo Ueda Hirohisa Takano Effects of Oxidized Pyrenes on the Biological Responses in the Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells Applied Sciences pyrene quinone forms BEAS-2B cells respiratory toxicity |
| title | Effects of Oxidized Pyrenes on the Biological Responses in the Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells |
| title_full | Effects of Oxidized Pyrenes on the Biological Responses in the Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells |
| title_fullStr | Effects of Oxidized Pyrenes on the Biological Responses in the Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of Oxidized Pyrenes on the Biological Responses in the Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells |
| title_short | Effects of Oxidized Pyrenes on the Biological Responses in the Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells |
| title_sort | effects of oxidized pyrenes on the biological responses in the human bronchial epithelial cells |
| topic | pyrene quinone forms BEAS-2B cells respiratory toxicity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/19/9664 |
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