Bactericidal Pectin/Chitosan/Glycerol Films for Food Pack Coatings: A Critical Viewpoint
Pectin and chitosan films containing glycerol (Gly) at 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, and 40 wt % were prepared in an aqueous HCl solution (0.10 M) by the solvent evaporation method. The unwashed film (UF) containing 40 wt % Gly (UF40) had elongation at break (<i>ε</i>, %) of 19%. Washed films (WFs)...
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MDPI AG
2020-11-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/22/8663 |
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| author | Bruno R. Machado Suelen P. Facchi Ariel C. de Oliveira Cátia S. Nunes Paulo R. Souza Bruno H. Vilsinski Ketul C. Popat Mathew J. Kipper Edvani C. Muniz Alessandro F. Martins |
| author_facet | Bruno R. Machado Suelen P. Facchi Ariel C. de Oliveira Cátia S. Nunes Paulo R. Souza Bruno H. Vilsinski Ketul C. Popat Mathew J. Kipper Edvani C. Muniz Alessandro F. Martins |
| author_sort | Bruno R. Machado |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Pectin and chitosan films containing glycerol (Gly) at 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, and 40 wt % were prepared in an aqueous HCl solution (0.10 M) by the solvent evaporation method. The unwashed film (UF) containing 40 wt % Gly (UF40) had elongation at break (<i>ε</i>, %) of 19%. Washed films (WFs) had high tensile strength (<i>σ</i> > 46 MPa) and low elongation at break (<i>ε</i>, <5.0%), enabling their use in food packaging applications. The polymers’ self-assembling occurred during the washing, increasing the stiffness. The XPS analysis suggests that some HCl is lost during the drying process, resulting in a low acid content on the UF surfaces. The UF40 (at 5.0 mg/mL) exhibits cytocompatibility toward mammalian cells and antimicrobial and anti-adhesive properties against <i>Escherichia coli</i>. The remaining HCl in the UF40 can be a disadvantage for food packaging applications; the UF40 (∅ = 8.5 mm; 55 μm thickness) releases H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+</sup>/HCl, reducing the pH to approximately 3.0 when kept in 200 mL distilled water for approximately 30 min. Therefore, we propose the use of UF40 to coat commercial food packaging. The UF40 has low permeability to water vapor and oxygen and works as a barrier against ultraviolet light. The UF40 is also colorless and completely transparent. The UF40 maintained tomatoes’ structural integrity for 18 days at room temperature with no oxidation or microorganism contamination. This paper presents a critical viewpoint concerning chitosan-based films with antimicrobial activities. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:47:25Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-128c1172c61448d097e635270174d135 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:47:25Z |
| publishDate | 2020-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-128c1172c61448d097e635270174d1352023-11-20T21:13:43ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672020-11-012122866310.3390/ijms21228663Bactericidal Pectin/Chitosan/Glycerol Films for Food Pack Coatings: A Critical ViewpointBruno R. Machado0Suelen P. Facchi1Ariel C. de Oliveira2Cátia S. Nunes3Paulo R. Souza4Bruno H. Vilsinski5Ketul C. Popat6Mathew J. Kipper7Edvani C. Muniz8Alessandro F. Martins9Laboratory of Materials, Macromolecules, and Composites (LaMMAC), Federal University of Technology—Paraná (UTFPR), Apucarana PR 86812-460, BrazilLaboratory of Materials, Macromolecules, and Composites (LaMMAC), Federal University of Technology—Paraná (UTFPR), Apucarana PR 86812-460, BrazilLaboratory of Materials, Macromolecules, and Composites (LaMMAC), Federal University of Technology—Paraná (UTFPR), Apucarana PR 86812-460, BrazilLaboratory of Materials, Macromolecules, and Composites (LaMMAC), Federal University of Technology—Paraná (UTFPR), Apucarana PR 86812-460, BrazilGroup of Polymers and Composite Materials (GMPC), Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringá (UEM), Maringá PR 87020-900, BrazilGroup of Polymers and Composite Materials (GMPC), Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringá (UEM), Maringá PR 87020-900, BrazilSchool of Advanced Materials Discovery, Colorado State University (CSU), Fort Collins, CO 80523, USASchool of Advanced Materials Discovery, Colorado State University (CSU), Fort Collins, CO 80523, USAGroup of Polymers and Composite Materials (GMPC), Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringá (UEM), Maringá PR 87020-900, BrazilLaboratory of Materials, Macromolecules, and Composites (LaMMAC), Federal University of Technology—Paraná (UTFPR), Apucarana PR 86812-460, BrazilPectin and chitosan films containing glycerol (Gly) at 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, and 40 wt % were prepared in an aqueous HCl solution (0.10 M) by the solvent evaporation method. The unwashed film (UF) containing 40 wt % Gly (UF40) had elongation at break (<i>ε</i>, %) of 19%. Washed films (WFs) had high tensile strength (<i>σ</i> > 46 MPa) and low elongation at break (<i>ε</i>, <5.0%), enabling their use in food packaging applications. The polymers’ self-assembling occurred during the washing, increasing the stiffness. The XPS analysis suggests that some HCl is lost during the drying process, resulting in a low acid content on the UF surfaces. The UF40 (at 5.0 mg/mL) exhibits cytocompatibility toward mammalian cells and antimicrobial and anti-adhesive properties against <i>Escherichia coli</i>. The remaining HCl in the UF40 can be a disadvantage for food packaging applications; the UF40 (∅ = 8.5 mm; 55 μm thickness) releases H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+</sup>/HCl, reducing the pH to approximately 3.0 when kept in 200 mL distilled water for approximately 30 min. Therefore, we propose the use of UF40 to coat commercial food packaging. The UF40 has low permeability to water vapor and oxygen and works as a barrier against ultraviolet light. The UF40 is also colorless and completely transparent. The UF40 maintained tomatoes’ structural integrity for 18 days at room temperature with no oxidation or microorganism contamination. This paper presents a critical viewpoint concerning chitosan-based films with antimicrobial activities.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/22/8663polysaccharidesantimicrobialfood packagingcoatings |
| spellingShingle | Bruno R. Machado Suelen P. Facchi Ariel C. de Oliveira Cátia S. Nunes Paulo R. Souza Bruno H. Vilsinski Ketul C. Popat Mathew J. Kipper Edvani C. Muniz Alessandro F. Martins Bactericidal Pectin/Chitosan/Glycerol Films for Food Pack Coatings: A Critical Viewpoint International Journal of Molecular Sciences polysaccharides antimicrobial food packaging coatings |
| title | Bactericidal Pectin/Chitosan/Glycerol Films for Food Pack Coatings: A Critical Viewpoint |
| title_full | Bactericidal Pectin/Chitosan/Glycerol Films for Food Pack Coatings: A Critical Viewpoint |
| title_fullStr | Bactericidal Pectin/Chitosan/Glycerol Films for Food Pack Coatings: A Critical Viewpoint |
| title_full_unstemmed | Bactericidal Pectin/Chitosan/Glycerol Films for Food Pack Coatings: A Critical Viewpoint |
| title_short | Bactericidal Pectin/Chitosan/Glycerol Films for Food Pack Coatings: A Critical Viewpoint |
| title_sort | bactericidal pectin chitosan glycerol films for food pack coatings a critical viewpoint |
| topic | polysaccharides antimicrobial food packaging coatings |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/22/8663 |
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