The Skeletal Muscle, the Heart, and the Liver Are the Major Organs of the Accumulation of Nitric Oxide Metabolites after Oral Nitrite Treatment
Nitrite is a nitric oxide (NO) metabolite, which may be bioactivated to generate NO in vivo and supplement endogenous NO formation, especially in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. However, it is not known whether treatment with oral nitrite results in the accumulation of NO metabolites in diffe...
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MDPI AG
2024-02-01
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| Series: | Antioxidants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/13/3/255 |
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| author | Ana K. Lima-Silva Macario A. Rebelo Alessandra C. Barros Sandra O. Conde-Tella Jose E. Tanus-Santos |
| author_facet | Ana K. Lima-Silva Macario A. Rebelo Alessandra C. Barros Sandra O. Conde-Tella Jose E. Tanus-Santos |
| author_sort | Ana K. Lima-Silva |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Nitrite is a nitric oxide (NO) metabolite, which may be bioactivated to generate NO in vivo and supplement endogenous NO formation, especially in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. However, it is not known whether treatment with oral nitrite results in the accumulation of NO metabolites in different organs. Moreover, treatment with omeprazole, an inhibitor of gastric acid secretion, severely affects the gastric formation of S-nitrosothiols induced with oral nitrite treatment. However, no previous study has examined whether omeprazole affects the nitrite-induced accumulation of NO metabolites in different organs. This study examined in rats the effects of oral sodium nitrite treatment (15 mg/kg via gavage for 1 or 7 days) associated with omeprazole (10 mg/kg or vehicle) on nitrite and nitrate and nitrosylated species (RXNO) concentrations (measured using ozone-based chemiluminescence methods) assessed in the plasma, aorta, heart, liver, brain, and muscle. While our results showed that NO metabolite accumulation in different organs is not uniform, we found that the skeletal muscle, the heart, and the liver accumulate NO metabolites, particularly RXNO. This response was significantly attenuated by omeprazole in the heart and in the skeletal muscle. Together, these findings may indicate that the skeletal muscle, the heart, and the liver are major reservoir sites for NO metabolites after oral nitrite treatment, with major increases in nitrosylated species. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T18:36:19Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3921 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T18:36:19Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | Antioxidants |
| spelling | doaj.art-128cf2a3a9614ddfbaa76b31dc2589372024-03-27T13:18:22ZengMDPI AGAntioxidants2076-39212024-02-0113325510.3390/antiox13030255The Skeletal Muscle, the Heart, and the Liver Are the Major Organs of the Accumulation of Nitric Oxide Metabolites after Oral Nitrite TreatmentAna K. Lima-Silva0Macario A. Rebelo1Alessandra C. Barros2Sandra O. Conde-Tella3Jose E. Tanus-Santos4Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-900, BrazilDepartment of Pharmacology, State University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-855, BrazilDepartment of Pharmacology, State University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-855, BrazilDepartment of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-900, BrazilDepartment of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-900, BrazilNitrite is a nitric oxide (NO) metabolite, which may be bioactivated to generate NO in vivo and supplement endogenous NO formation, especially in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. However, it is not known whether treatment with oral nitrite results in the accumulation of NO metabolites in different organs. Moreover, treatment with omeprazole, an inhibitor of gastric acid secretion, severely affects the gastric formation of S-nitrosothiols induced with oral nitrite treatment. However, no previous study has examined whether omeprazole affects the nitrite-induced accumulation of NO metabolites in different organs. This study examined in rats the effects of oral sodium nitrite treatment (15 mg/kg via gavage for 1 or 7 days) associated with omeprazole (10 mg/kg or vehicle) on nitrite and nitrate and nitrosylated species (RXNO) concentrations (measured using ozone-based chemiluminescence methods) assessed in the plasma, aorta, heart, liver, brain, and muscle. While our results showed that NO metabolite accumulation in different organs is not uniform, we found that the skeletal muscle, the heart, and the liver accumulate NO metabolites, particularly RXNO. This response was significantly attenuated by omeprazole in the heart and in the skeletal muscle. Together, these findings may indicate that the skeletal muscle, the heart, and the liver are major reservoir sites for NO metabolites after oral nitrite treatment, with major increases in nitrosylated species.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/13/3/255cardiovascular diseasesnitric oxide metabolitessodium nitrite |
| spellingShingle | Ana K. Lima-Silva Macario A. Rebelo Alessandra C. Barros Sandra O. Conde-Tella Jose E. Tanus-Santos The Skeletal Muscle, the Heart, and the Liver Are the Major Organs of the Accumulation of Nitric Oxide Metabolites after Oral Nitrite Treatment Antioxidants cardiovascular diseases nitric oxide metabolites sodium nitrite |
| title | The Skeletal Muscle, the Heart, and the Liver Are the Major Organs of the Accumulation of Nitric Oxide Metabolites after Oral Nitrite Treatment |
| title_full | The Skeletal Muscle, the Heart, and the Liver Are the Major Organs of the Accumulation of Nitric Oxide Metabolites after Oral Nitrite Treatment |
| title_fullStr | The Skeletal Muscle, the Heart, and the Liver Are the Major Organs of the Accumulation of Nitric Oxide Metabolites after Oral Nitrite Treatment |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Skeletal Muscle, the Heart, and the Liver Are the Major Organs of the Accumulation of Nitric Oxide Metabolites after Oral Nitrite Treatment |
| title_short | The Skeletal Muscle, the Heart, and the Liver Are the Major Organs of the Accumulation of Nitric Oxide Metabolites after Oral Nitrite Treatment |
| title_sort | skeletal muscle the heart and the liver are the major organs of the accumulation of nitric oxide metabolites after oral nitrite treatment |
| topic | cardiovascular diseases nitric oxide metabolites sodium nitrite |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/13/3/255 |
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