Two Steps for Improving Reduced Graphene Oxide/Activated Durian Shell Carbon Composite by Hydrothermal and 3-D Ball Milling Process for Symmetry Supercapacitor Device
Durian shell waste was used to fabricate activated carbon (AC) using a hydrothermal process and three-dimensional (3-D) ball milling. Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) was composited with activated durian shell carbon (DC) to enhance the electrochemical properties for fabricating a supercapacitor (SC) de...
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MDPI AG
2023-10-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/19/6962 |
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| author | Nantikron Ngamjumrus Kanyapak Silakaew Somphob Thompho Chaval Sriwong Chesta Ruttanapun |
| author_facet | Nantikron Ngamjumrus Kanyapak Silakaew Somphob Thompho Chaval Sriwong Chesta Ruttanapun |
| author_sort | Nantikron Ngamjumrus |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Durian shell waste was used to fabricate activated carbon (AC) using a hydrothermal process and three-dimensional (3-D) ball milling. Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) was composited with activated durian shell carbon (DC) to enhance the electrochemical properties for fabricating a supercapacitor (SC) device. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) examination of the AC from hydrothermally processed durian shell carbon (AC–HDC) and AC–HDC that was 3D ball milled for 15 min (rGO/AC–HDC–3D15M) showed compacted and uniformly distributed particles with good porosity. The rGO/AC–HDC–3D15M sample exhibited high specific surface area (SSA) using the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) methodology, 2311 m<sup>2</sup>/g, and an average pore size of 1.88 nm. Electrochemical results showed that the rGO/AC–HDC–3D15M sample had the highest specific capacitance (Cs) of 545.78 F/g, power density (Pd) of 260.834 W/kg and energy density (Ed) of 60.834 Wh/kg. A coin cell SC device using an rGO/AC–HDC3D15M electrode with a 3M KOH electrolyte exhibited a high Cs of 65.585 F/g with a high energy density of 5.123 W h/kg and power density of 47.286 W/kg. Thus, the novelty of this manuscript is that (1) the structure of the rGO/AC–HDC–3D15M composite could promote fast ionic and electronic migration during charging and discharging and (2) a rGO/AC–HDC–3D15M composite, which showed electric double-layer capacitor (EDLC) could produce a positive synergistic effect for efficient electrochemical reactions. Moreover, the high surface area of the rGO/AC–HDC–3D15M composite may mitigate the volume expansion of electrodes during cycling. Thus, this work shows that an rGO/AC–HDC–3D15M composite prepared using a hydrothermal process with 3-D ball milling can show enhanced electrochemical performance for the fabrication of an EDLC supercapacitor device. |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
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| spelling | doaj.art-129637a73c7f4212bf841edb6314762e2023-11-19T14:21:18ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732023-10-011619696210.3390/en16196962Two Steps for Improving Reduced Graphene Oxide/Activated Durian Shell Carbon Composite by Hydrothermal and 3-D Ball Milling Process for Symmetry Supercapacitor DeviceNantikron Ngamjumrus0Kanyapak Silakaew1Somphob Thompho2Chaval Sriwong3Chesta Ruttanapun4Department of Physics, School of Science, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, ThailandDepartment of Physics, School of Science, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, ThailandFaculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, ThailandSmart Materials Research and Innovation Unit, School of Science, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, ThailandDepartment of Physics, School of Science, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, ThailandDurian shell waste was used to fabricate activated carbon (AC) using a hydrothermal process and three-dimensional (3-D) ball milling. Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) was composited with activated durian shell carbon (DC) to enhance the electrochemical properties for fabricating a supercapacitor (SC) device. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) examination of the AC from hydrothermally processed durian shell carbon (AC–HDC) and AC–HDC that was 3D ball milled for 15 min (rGO/AC–HDC–3D15M) showed compacted and uniformly distributed particles with good porosity. The rGO/AC–HDC–3D15M sample exhibited high specific surface area (SSA) using the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) methodology, 2311 m<sup>2</sup>/g, and an average pore size of 1.88 nm. Electrochemical results showed that the rGO/AC–HDC–3D15M sample had the highest specific capacitance (Cs) of 545.78 F/g, power density (Pd) of 260.834 W/kg and energy density (Ed) of 60.834 Wh/kg. A coin cell SC device using an rGO/AC–HDC3D15M electrode with a 3M KOH electrolyte exhibited a high Cs of 65.585 F/g with a high energy density of 5.123 W h/kg and power density of 47.286 W/kg. Thus, the novelty of this manuscript is that (1) the structure of the rGO/AC–HDC–3D15M composite could promote fast ionic and electronic migration during charging and discharging and (2) a rGO/AC–HDC–3D15M composite, which showed electric double-layer capacitor (EDLC) could produce a positive synergistic effect for efficient electrochemical reactions. Moreover, the high surface area of the rGO/AC–HDC–3D15M composite may mitigate the volume expansion of electrodes during cycling. Thus, this work shows that an rGO/AC–HDC–3D15M composite prepared using a hydrothermal process with 3-D ball milling can show enhanced electrochemical performance for the fabrication of an EDLC supercapacitor device.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/19/6962durian shell activated carbonreduced graphene oxidethree-dimensional ball millelectrochemical propertiessupercapacitor devicecoil cell device |
| spellingShingle | Nantikron Ngamjumrus Kanyapak Silakaew Somphob Thompho Chaval Sriwong Chesta Ruttanapun Two Steps for Improving Reduced Graphene Oxide/Activated Durian Shell Carbon Composite by Hydrothermal and 3-D Ball Milling Process for Symmetry Supercapacitor Device Energies durian shell activated carbon reduced graphene oxide three-dimensional ball mill electrochemical properties supercapacitor device coil cell device |
| title | Two Steps for Improving Reduced Graphene Oxide/Activated Durian Shell Carbon Composite by Hydrothermal and 3-D Ball Milling Process for Symmetry Supercapacitor Device |
| title_full | Two Steps for Improving Reduced Graphene Oxide/Activated Durian Shell Carbon Composite by Hydrothermal and 3-D Ball Milling Process for Symmetry Supercapacitor Device |
| title_fullStr | Two Steps for Improving Reduced Graphene Oxide/Activated Durian Shell Carbon Composite by Hydrothermal and 3-D Ball Milling Process for Symmetry Supercapacitor Device |
| title_full_unstemmed | Two Steps for Improving Reduced Graphene Oxide/Activated Durian Shell Carbon Composite by Hydrothermal and 3-D Ball Milling Process for Symmetry Supercapacitor Device |
| title_short | Two Steps for Improving Reduced Graphene Oxide/Activated Durian Shell Carbon Composite by Hydrothermal and 3-D Ball Milling Process for Symmetry Supercapacitor Device |
| title_sort | two steps for improving reduced graphene oxide activated durian shell carbon composite by hydrothermal and 3 d ball milling process for symmetry supercapacitor device |
| topic | durian shell activated carbon reduced graphene oxide three-dimensional ball mill electrochemical properties supercapacitor device coil cell device |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/19/6962 |
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