Immigrant Tortricidae: Holarctic versus Introduced Species in North America
In support of a comprehensive update to the checklist of the moths of North America, we attempt to determine the status of 151 species of Tortricidae present in North America that may be Holarctic, introduced, or sibling species of their European counterparts. Discovering the natural distributions o...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-09-01
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| Series: | Insects |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/11/9/594 |
| _version_ | 1797554680781340672 |
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| author | Todd M. Gilligan John W. Brown Joaquín Baixeras |
| author_facet | Todd M. Gilligan John W. Brown Joaquín Baixeras |
| author_sort | Todd M. Gilligan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In support of a comprehensive update to the checklist of the moths of North America, we attempt to determine the status of 151 species of Tortricidae present in North America that may be Holarctic, introduced, or sibling species of their European counterparts. Discovering the natural distributions of these taxa is often difficult, if not impossible, but several criteria can be applied to determine if a species that is present in both Europe and North America is natively Holarctic, introduced, or represented by different but closely related species on each continent. We use DNA barcodes (when available), morphology, host plants, and historical records (literature and museum specimens) to make these assessments and propose several taxonomic changes, as well as future areas of research. The following taxa are raised from synonymy to species status: <i>Acleris ferrumixtana</i> (Benander, 1934), stat. rev.; <i>Acleris viburnana</i> (Clemens, 1860), stat. rev.; <i>Acleris pulverosana</i> (Walker, 1863), stat. rev.; <i>Acleris placidana</i> (Robinson, 1869), stat. rev.; <i>Lobesia spiraeae</i> (McDunnough, 1938), stat. rev.; and <i>Epiblema arctica</i> Miller, 1985, stat. rev. <i>Cydia saltitans</i> (Westwood, 1858), stat. rev., is determined to be the valid name for the “jumping bean moth,” and <i>Phiaris glaciana</i> (Möschler, 1860), comb. n., is placed in a new genus. We determine that the number of Holarctic species has been overestimated by at least 20% in the past, and that the overall number of introduced species in North America is unexpectedly high, with Tortricidae accounting for approximately 23–30% of the total number of Lepidoptera species introduced to North America. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:35:30Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-129bcb0a82c84093a0cf44bae356c949 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4450 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:35:30Z |
| publishDate | 2020-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Insects |
| spelling | doaj.art-129bcb0a82c84093a0cf44bae356c9492023-11-20T12:27:56ZengMDPI AGInsects2075-44502020-09-0111959410.3390/insects11090594Immigrant Tortricidae: Holarctic versus Introduced Species in North AmericaTodd M. Gilligan0John W. Brown1Joaquín Baixeras2USDA-APHIS-PPQ-S&T, 2301 Research Boulevard, Suite 108, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USADepartment of Entomology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USAInstitut Cavanilles de Biodiversitat i Biologia Evolutiva, Universitat de València, Carrer Catedràtic José Beltran, 2, 46980 Paterna, SpainIn support of a comprehensive update to the checklist of the moths of North America, we attempt to determine the status of 151 species of Tortricidae present in North America that may be Holarctic, introduced, or sibling species of their European counterparts. Discovering the natural distributions of these taxa is often difficult, if not impossible, but several criteria can be applied to determine if a species that is present in both Europe and North America is natively Holarctic, introduced, or represented by different but closely related species on each continent. We use DNA barcodes (when available), morphology, host plants, and historical records (literature and museum specimens) to make these assessments and propose several taxonomic changes, as well as future areas of research. The following taxa are raised from synonymy to species status: <i>Acleris ferrumixtana</i> (Benander, 1934), stat. rev.; <i>Acleris viburnana</i> (Clemens, 1860), stat. rev.; <i>Acleris pulverosana</i> (Walker, 1863), stat. rev.; <i>Acleris placidana</i> (Robinson, 1869), stat. rev.; <i>Lobesia spiraeae</i> (McDunnough, 1938), stat. rev.; and <i>Epiblema arctica</i> Miller, 1985, stat. rev. <i>Cydia saltitans</i> (Westwood, 1858), stat. rev., is determined to be the valid name for the “jumping bean moth,” and <i>Phiaris glaciana</i> (Möschler, 1860), comb. n., is placed in a new genus. We determine that the number of Holarctic species has been overestimated by at least 20% in the past, and that the overall number of introduced species in North America is unexpectedly high, with Tortricidae accounting for approximately 23–30% of the total number of Lepidoptera species introduced to North America.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/11/9/594OlethreutinaeTortricinaeDNA barcodingBeringiantaxonomy |
| spellingShingle | Todd M. Gilligan John W. Brown Joaquín Baixeras Immigrant Tortricidae: Holarctic versus Introduced Species in North America Insects Olethreutinae Tortricinae DNA barcoding Beringian taxonomy |
| title | Immigrant Tortricidae: Holarctic versus Introduced Species in North America |
| title_full | Immigrant Tortricidae: Holarctic versus Introduced Species in North America |
| title_fullStr | Immigrant Tortricidae: Holarctic versus Introduced Species in North America |
| title_full_unstemmed | Immigrant Tortricidae: Holarctic versus Introduced Species in North America |
| title_short | Immigrant Tortricidae: Holarctic versus Introduced Species in North America |
| title_sort | immigrant tortricidae holarctic versus introduced species in north america |
| topic | Olethreutinae Tortricinae DNA barcoding Beringian taxonomy |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/11/9/594 |
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